diff --git a/apps/admin/src/App.tsx b/apps/admin/src/App.tsx
index 4163de4..28881d2 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/App.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin/src/App.tsx
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ const TeachersPage = lazy(() => import('./pages/Teachers'));
 const StudentProfilePage = lazy(() => import('./pages/StudentProfile'));
 const ClassesPage = lazy(() => import('./pages/Classes'));
 const ClassDetailPage = lazy(() => import('./pages/Classes/detail'));
+const ExamsPage = lazy(() => import('./pages/Exams'));
+const ExamDetailPage = lazy(() => import('./pages/Exams/detail'));
 const OrganizationsPage = lazy(() => import('./pages/Organizations'));
 const ClassroomRentalsPage = lazy(() => import('./pages/ClassroomRentals'));
 const ClassroomSchedulePage = lazy(() => import('./pages/ClassroomSchedule'));
@@ -174,6 +176,22 @@ const App: React.FC = () => {
                     </PermissionRoute>
                   }
                 />
+                <Route
+                  path="exams"
+                  element={
+                    <PermissionRoute permission="exam:view">
+                      <ExamsPage />
+                    </PermissionRoute>
+                  }
+                />
+                <Route
+                  path="exams/:id"
+                  element={
+                    <PermissionRoute permission="exam:view">
+                      <ExamDetailPage />
+                    </PermissionRoute>
+                  }
+                />
                 <Route
                   path="operation-logs"
                   element={
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/auth/menu-policy.integration.test.ts b/apps/admin/src/auth/menu-policy.integration.test.ts
index ce8f9bc..dccbcfd 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/auth/menu-policy.integration.test.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/auth/menu-policy.integration.test.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ const academicPermissions = [
   'dashboard:view',
   'student:view',
   'class:view',
+  'exam:view',
   'teacher:view',
   'schedule:view',
   'attendance:view',
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ describe('role-aware menu policy', () => {
     expect(menu.map((item) => item.label)).toEqual(['数据面板', '教务管理', '通知中心']);
     expect(paths.filter((path) => path === '/schedules')).toHaveLength(1);
     expect(paths.filter((path) => path === '/attendance')).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(paths).toContain('/exams');
     expect(paths).not.toContain('/teacher-workspace');
   });
 
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/auth/menu-policy.ts b/apps/admin/src/auth/menu-policy.ts
index aa990b7..ceff6c5 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/auth/menu-policy.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/auth/menu-policy.ts
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ const SECTIONS: MenuSection[] = [
     children: [
       { key: '/students', label: '学生管理', icon: 'students', permission: 'student:view' },
       { key: '/classes', label: '班级管理', icon: 'classes', permission: 'class:view' },
+      { key: '/exams', label: '考试管理', icon: 'exam', permission: 'exam:view' },
       { key: '/teachers', label: '教师管理', icon: 'teachers', permission: 'teacher:view' },
       { key: '/schedules', label: '排课管理', icon: 'calendar', permission: 'schedule:view' },
       { key: '/attendance', label: '历史考勤', icon: 'attendance', permission: 'attendance:view' },
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/auth/permission-navigation.integration.test.ts b/apps/admin/src/auth/permission-navigation.integration.test.ts
index 16882b8..2f77014 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/auth/permission-navigation.integration.test.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/auth/permission-navigation.integration.test.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ describe('permission navigation', () => {
   it('keeps route permission lookup aligned for nested detail routes', () => {
     expect(getRequiredPermission('/classes/12')).toBe('class:view');
     expect(getRequiredPermission('/students/8/profile')).toBe('student:view');
+    expect(getRequiredPermission('/exams/8')).toBe('exam:view');
     expect(canAccessPath('/ai-config', ['ai:config:read'])).toBe(true);
     expect(canAccessPath('/ai-config', ['integration:read'])).toBe(false);
   });
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/auth/permission-navigation.ts b/apps/admin/src/auth/permission-navigation.ts
index 6b09f63..5fe9b41 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/auth/permission-navigation.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/auth/permission-navigation.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ export const PERMISSION_PAGES: readonly PermissionPage[] = [
     permission: 'class:view',
     matches: (p) => p === '/classes' || /^\/classes\/\d+$/.test(p),
   },
+  {
+    path: '/exams',
+    permission: 'exam:view',
+    matches: (p) => p === '/exams' || /^\/exams\/\d+$/.test(p),
+  },
   { path: '/attendance', permission: 'attendance:view' },
   { path: '/schedules', permission: 'schedule:view' },
   { path: '/classroom-schedule', permission: 'rental:view' },
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/components/StudentProfileContent/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/components/StudentProfileContent/index.tsx
index 15d0b55..e86223b 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/components/StudentProfileContent/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin/src/components/StudentProfileContent/index.tsx
@@ -81,10 +81,12 @@ interface EnrollmentRecord {
 
 interface ExamScoreRecord {
   id: number;
+  examId?: number;
+  exam?: { class?: { name?: string } };
   examType: string;
   examName?: string;
   subject: string;
-  score: number;
+  score: number | null;
   classAvg?: number;
   rank?: number;
   examDate?: string;
@@ -865,6 +867,7 @@ const ExamScoresTab: React.FC<
           editor="select"
           options={EXAM_TYPE_OPTIONS}
           permission="student:edit"
+          disabled={!!r.examId}
           required
           onSave={(next) => saveCell(r, 'examType', next)}
         >
@@ -879,6 +882,7 @@ const ExamScoresTab: React.FC<
         <EditableCell
           value={v}
           permission="student:edit"
+          disabled={!!r.examId}
           onSave={(next) => saveCell(r, 'examName', next)}
         >
           {v || '-'}
@@ -893,6 +897,7 @@ const ExamScoresTab: React.FC<
           value={v}
           required
           permission="student:edit"
+          disabled={!!r.examId}
           onSave={(next) => saveCell(r, 'subject', next)}
         >
           {v}
@@ -902,16 +907,16 @@ const ExamScoresTab: React.FC<
     {
       title: '成绩',
       dataIndex: 'score',
-      render: (v: number, r) => (
+      render: (v: number | null, r) => (
         <EditableCell
-          value={v}
+          value={v ?? undefined}
           editor="number"
           min={0}
-          required
           permission="student:edit"
+          disabled={!!r.examId}
           onSave={(next) => saveCell(r, 'score', next)}
         >
-          {v}
+          {v ?? '-'}
         </EditableCell>
       ),
     },
@@ -924,6 +929,7 @@ const ExamScoresTab: React.FC<
           editor="number"
           min={0}
           permission="student:edit"
+          disabled={!!r.examId}
           onSave={(next) => saveCell(r, 'classAvg', next)}
         >
           {v !== undefined ? v : '-'}
@@ -939,6 +945,7 @@ const ExamScoresTab: React.FC<
           editor="number"
           min={1}
           permission="student:edit"
+          disabled={!!r.examId}
           onSave={(next) => saveCell(r, 'rank', next)}
         >
           {v !== undefined ? v : '-'}
@@ -953,6 +960,7 @@ const ExamScoresTab: React.FC<
           value={v}
           editor="date"
           permission="student:edit"
+          disabled={!!r.examId}
           onSave={(next) => saveCell(r, 'examDate', next)}
         >
           {v || '-'}
@@ -971,9 +979,11 @@ const ExamScoresTab: React.FC<
             label: formatEnrollmentDisplayName(item),
           }))}
           permission="student:edit"
+          disabled={!!r.examId}
           onSave={(next) => saveCell(r, 'enrollmentId', next)}
         >
           {(() => {
+            if (r.examId) return r.exam?.class?.name || '-';
             if (v === undefined) return '-';
             const enr = enrollments.find((e) => e.id === v);
             return enr ? formatEnrollmentDisplayName(enr) : String(v);
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/layouts/MainLayout.tsx b/apps/admin/src/layouts/MainLayout.tsx
index 54c5e33..495e6cb 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/layouts/MainLayout.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin/src/layouts/MainLayout.tsx
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import {
   CheckCircleOutlined,
   LaptopOutlined,
   BellOutlined,
+  TrophyOutlined,
   ApiOutlined,
   RobotOutlined,
 } from '@ant-design/icons';
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ const iconMap: Record<string, React.ReactNode> = {
   students: <TeamOutlined />,
   classes: <TeamOutlined />,
   teachers: <UserOutlined />,
+  exam: <TrophyOutlined />,
   home: <HomeOutlined />,
   overview: <AppstoreOutlined />,
   occupancy: <SwapOutlined />,
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/ExamFormModal.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/ExamFormModal.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f60b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/ExamFormModal.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import React from 'react';
+import { DatePicker, Form, Input, Modal, Select } from 'antd';
+import type { FormInstance } from 'antd';
+import type { ClassOption, ExamFormValues } from './types';
+import { EXAM_TYPE_OPTIONS } from './types';
+
+interface Props {
+  open: boolean;
+  editing: boolean;
+  saving: boolean;
+  form: FormInstance<ExamFormValues>;
+  classes: ClassOption[];
+  onCancel: () => void;
+  onSubmit: () => void;
+}
+
+const ExamFormModal: React.FC<Props> = ({
+  open,
+  editing,
+  saving,
+  form,
+  classes,
+  onCancel,
+  onSubmit,
+}) => (
+  <Modal
+    title={editing ? '编辑考试' : '创建考试'}
+    open={open}
+    confirmLoading={saving}
+    onCancel={onCancel}
+    onOk={onSubmit}
+    width={560}
+  >
+    <Form form={form} layout="vertical">
+      <Form.Item name="examType" label="考试类型" rules={[{ required: true, message: '请选择考试类型' }]}>
+        <Select options={EXAM_TYPE_OPTIONS} placeholder="请选择" />
+      </Form.Item>
+      <Form.Item name="examName" label="考试名称" rules={[{ required: true, message: '请输入考试名称' }]}>
+        <Input placeholder="如：2026 年 7 月月考" />
+      </Form.Item>
+      <Form.Item name="subject" label="科目" rules={[{ required: true, message: '请输入科目' }]}>
+        <Input placeholder="如：数学" />
+      </Form.Item>
+      <Form.Item name="examDate" label="考试日期" rules={[{ required: true, message: '请选择考试日期' }]}>
+        <DatePicker style={{ width: '100%' }} />
+      </Form.Item>
+      <Form.Item name="classId" label="考试班级" rules={[{ required: true, message: '请选择考试班级' }]}>
+        <Select
+          showSearch
+          optionFilterProp="label"
+          placeholder="选择在读班级"
+          options={classes.filter((item) => !item.isArchived).map((item) => ({ value: item.id, label: item.name }))}
+        />
+      </Form.Item>
+    </Form>
+  </Modal>
+);
+
+export default ExamFormModal;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/detail.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/detail.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9eb77b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/detail.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { Button, Card, Descriptions, Empty, Space, Spin, Table, Tooltip } from 'antd';
+import type { ColumnsType } from 'antd/es/table';
+import { ArrowLeftOutlined, EyeOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import { useNavigate, useParams } from 'react-router-dom';
+import api from '../../api';
+import EditableCell from '../../components/EditableCell';
+import { useViewSensitive } from '../../hooks/useViewSensitive';
+import { maskPhone } from '../../utils/sensitive';
+import { message } from '../../ui/app-message';
+import type { ExamItem } from './types';
+import './style.css';
+
+interface ScoreRow {
+  id: number;
+  studentId: number;
+  phone: string;
+  name: string;
+  score: number | null;
+  classAvg: number | null;
+  rank: number | null;
+}
+
+interface ExamDetail extends ExamItem { scores: ScoreRow[] }
+
+const PhoneCell: React.FC<{ row: ScoreRow }> = ({ row }) => {
+  const reveal = useViewSensitive(row.studentId, '考试管理');
+  if (!row.phone) return <>-</>;
+  return <Space size={4}><span>{maskPhone(row.phone)}</span><Tooltip title="查看完整手机号"><Button type="text" size="small" icon={<EyeOutlined />} onClick={() => reveal('手机号', row.phone)} /></Tooltip></Space>;
+};
+
+const ExamDetailPage: React.FC = () => {
+  const { id } = useParams();
+  const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const [detail, setDetail] = useState<ExamDetail | null>(null);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
+
+  const load = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    try { setDetail(await api.get<ExamDetail>(`/exams/${id}`)); }
+    catch (error) { message.error((error as { message?: string })?.message || '加载考试失败'); }
+    finally { setLoading(false); }
+  }, [id]);
+
+  useEffect(() => { void load(); }, [load]);
+  const saveScore = async (row: ScoreRow, value: number | undefined) => {
+    await api.put(`/exams/${id}/scores/${row.id}`, { score: value ?? null });
+    message.success('成绩已保存');
+    await load();
+  };
+
+  const columns = useMemo<ColumnsType<ScoreRow>>(() => {
+    if (!detail) return [];
+    const fixed = [
+      { title: '手机号*', width: 155, render: (_: unknown, row: ScoreRow) => <PhoneCell row={row} /> },
+      { title: '姓名', dataIndex: 'name', width: 100 },
+      { title: '考试类型*', width: 110, render: () => detail.examType },
+      { title: '考试名称', width: 170, render: () => detail.examName },
+      { title: '科目*', width: 90, render: () => detail.subject },
+    ];
+    return [
+      ...fixed,
+      { title: '成绩*', dataIndex: 'score', width: 100, render: (value: number | null, row: ScoreRow) => <EditableCell<number | undefined> value={value ?? undefined} editor="money" min={0} max={999.99} permission="exam:view" onSave={(next) => saveScore(row, next)}>{value ?? '-'}</EditableCell> },
+      { title: '班级均分', dataIndex: 'classAvg', width: 110, render: (value: number | null) => value ?? '-' },
+      { title: '排名', dataIndex: 'rank', width: 80, render: (value: number | null) => value ?? '-' },
+      { title: '考试日期', width: 110, render: () => detail.examDate },
+      { title: '关联报读（班级名）', width: 180, render: () => detail.className },
+    ];
+  }, [detail]);
+
+  if (loading && !detail) return <div className="exam-detail-loading"><Spin size="large" /></div>;
+  if (!detail) return <Empty description="考试不存在或无权访问" />;
+
+  const average = detail.scores.find((row) => row.classAvg !== null)?.classAvg ?? null;
+  return (
+    <div className="exam-detail-page">
+      <div className="exam-detail-header"><Space><Button icon={<ArrowLeftOutlined />} onClick={() => navigate('/exams')}>返回</Button><h2>{detail.examName}</h2></Space></div>
+      <Card className="exam-summary">
+        <Descriptions column={{ xs: 1, sm: 2, lg: 5 }}>
+          <Descriptions.Item label="考试类型">{detail.examType}</Descriptions.Item>
+          <Descriptions.Item label="科目">{detail.subject}</Descriptions.Item>
+          <Descriptions.Item label="考试班级">{detail.className}</Descriptions.Item>
+          <Descriptions.Item label="考试日期">{detail.examDate}</Descriptions.Item>
+          <Descriptions.Item label="录入进度">{detail.enteredScores}/{detail.totalStudents}，均分 {average ?? '-'}</Descriptions.Item>
+        </Descriptions>
+      </Card>
+      <Card title="成绩表">
+        <Table<ScoreRow> columns={columns} dataSource={detail.scores} rowKey="id" loading={loading} scroll={{ x: 1310 }} pagination={{ defaultPageSize: 30, showSizeChanger: true, pageSizeOptions: [30, 50, 100] }} locale={{ emptyText: <Empty description="暂无学生名单" /> }} />
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default ExamDetailPage;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d3ea7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { Button, Card, Col, Empty, Form, Input, Progress, Row, Select, Space, Tag } from 'antd';
+import { CalendarOutlined, PlusOutlined, SearchOutlined, TeamOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import dayjs from 'dayjs';
+import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
+import api from '../../api';
+import { message } from '../../ui/app-message';
+import ExamFormModal from './ExamFormModal';
+import type { ClassOption, ExamFormValues, ExamItem } from './types';
+import { EXAM_TYPE_OPTIONS } from './types';
+import './style.css';
+
+const ExamsPage: React.FC = () => {
+  const navigate = useNavigate();
+  const [form] = Form.useForm<ExamFormValues>();
+  const [data, setData] = useState<ExamItem[]>([]);
+  const [classes, setClasses] = useState<ClassOption[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+  const [modalOpen, setModalOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [keyword, setKeyword] = useState('');
+  const [examType, setExamType] = useState<string>();
+  const [classId, setClassId] = useState<number>();
+
+  const loadClasses = useCallback(async () => {
+    const result = await api.get<ClassOption[]>('/classes');
+    setClasses(result ?? []);
+  }, []);
+
+  const loadExams = useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const params = new URLSearchParams();
+      if (keyword.trim()) params.set('keyword', keyword.trim());
+      if (examType) params.set('examType', examType);
+      if (classId) params.set('classId', String(classId));
+      const result = await api.get<ExamItem[]>(`/exams?${params.toString()}`);
+      setData(result ?? []);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error((error as { message?: string })?.message || '加载考试失败');
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [classId, examType, keyword]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    void loadClasses().catch((error: { message?: string }) => message.error(error?.message || '加载班级失败'));
+  }, [loadClasses]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const timer = window.setTimeout(() => void loadExams(), 200);
+    return () => window.clearTimeout(timer);
+  }, [loadExams]);
+
+  const classOptions = useMemo(
+    () => classes.map((item) => ({ value: item.id, label: item.name })),
+    [classes],
+  );
+
+  const openCreate = () => {
+    form.resetFields();
+    form.setFieldValue('examDate', dayjs());
+    setModalOpen(true);
+  };
+
+  const submit = async () => {
+    try {
+      const values = await form.validateFields();
+      setSaving(true);
+      const payload = { ...values, examDate: values.examDate.format('YYYY-MM-DD') };
+      await api.post('/exams', payload);
+      message.success('考试已创建');
+      setModalOpen(false);
+      await loadExams();
+    } catch (error) {
+      if ((error as { errorFields?: unknown[] }).errorFields) return;
+      message.error((error as { message?: string })?.message || '保存失败');
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div className="exam-page">
+      <div className="exam-toolbar">
+        <Space wrap>
+          <Input value={keyword} onChange={(event) => setKeyword(event.target.value)} prefix={<SearchOutlined />} placeholder="搜索考试名称" allowClear />
+          <Select value={examType} onChange={setExamType} options={EXAM_TYPE_OPTIONS} placeholder="考试类型" allowClear style={{ width: 140 }} />
+          <Select value={classId} onChange={setClassId} options={classOptions} placeholder="考试班级" allowClear showSearch optionFilterProp="label" style={{ width: 180 }} />
+        </Space>
+        <Space wrap>
+          <Button type="primary" icon={<PlusOutlined />} onClick={openCreate}>创建考试</Button>
+        </Space>
+      </div>
+
+      {data.length === 0 && !loading ? (
+        <div className="exam-empty"><Empty description="暂无考试" /></div>
+      ) : (
+        <Row gutter={[16, 16]}>
+          {data.map((exam) => {
+            const percent = exam.totalStudents === 0 ? 0 : Math.round((exam.enteredScores / exam.totalStudents) * 100);
+            return (
+              <Col key={exam.id} xs={24} sm={12} xl={8} xxl={6}>
+                <Card
+                  className="exam-card"
+                  loading={loading}
+                  title={<Space><Tag color="blue">{exam.examType}</Tag><span>{exam.examName}</span></Space>}
+                  extra={<Tag color="green">成绩录入</Tag>}
+                  actions={[
+                    <span key="detail" onClick={() => navigate(`/exams/${exam.id}`)}>查看成绩</span>,
+                  ]}
+                >
+                  <div className="exam-meta"><span>科目</span><strong>{exam.subject}</strong></div>
+                  <div className="exam-meta"><span><TeamOutlined /> 班级</span><strong>{exam.className}</strong></div>
+                  <div className="exam-meta"><span><CalendarOutlined /> 日期</span><strong>{exam.examDate}</strong></div>
+                  <div className="exam-progress"><div><span>成绩录入</span><strong>{exam.enteredScores}/{exam.totalStudents}</strong></div><Progress percent={percent} size="small" /></div>
+                </Card>
+              </Col>
+            );
+          })}
+        </Row>
+      )}
+
+      <ExamFormModal open={modalOpen} editing={false} saving={saving} form={form} classes={classes} onCancel={() => setModalOpen(false)} onSubmit={() => void submit()} />
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default ExamsPage;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/style.css b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3428cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+.exam-page,
+.exam-detail-page {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+.exam-toolbar,
+.exam-detail-header {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 12px;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+}
+
+.exam-detail-header h2 {
+  margin: 0;
+  font-size: 20px;
+  letter-spacing: 0;
+}
+
+.exam-card {
+  height: 100%;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+}
+
+.exam-card .ant-card-head-title {
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.exam-card .ant-card-head-title > .ant-space {
+  max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+.exam-card .ant-card-head-title span:last-child {
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.exam-meta,
+.exam-progress > div {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 16px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.exam-meta span,
+.exam-progress span {
+  color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);
+}
+
+.exam-progress {
+  margin-top: 16px;
+}
+
+.exam-empty,
+.exam-detail-loading {
+  min-height: 360px;
+  display: grid;
+  place-items: center;
+}
+
+.exam-summary {
+  border-radius: 8px;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 575px) {
+  .exam-toolbar > .ant-space,
+  .exam-toolbar .ant-input-affix-wrapper,
+  .exam-toolbar .ant-select {
+    width: 100% !important;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/types.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/types.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2e94b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Exams/types.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import type dayjs from 'dayjs';
+
+export interface ExamItem {
+  id: number;
+  examType: string;
+  examName: string;
+  subject: string;
+  examDate: string;
+  classId: number;
+  className: string;
+  status: 'active' | 'archived';
+  totalStudents: number;
+  enteredScores: number;
+}
+
+export interface ExamFormValues {
+  examType: string;
+  examName: string;
+  subject: string;
+  examDate: dayjs.Dayjs;
+  classId: number;
+}
+
+export interface ClassOption {
+  id: number;
+  name: string;
+  isArchived: boolean;
+}
+
+export const EXAM_TYPE_OPTIONS = [
+  { value: '月考', label: '月考' },
+  { value: '周测', label: '周测' },
+  { value: '期中考试', label: '期中考试' },
+  { value: '期末考试', label: '期末考试' },
+  { value: '模拟考试', label: '模拟考试' },
+  { value: '入学测试', label: '入学测试' },
+];
diff --git a/apps/server/src/app.module.ts b/apps/server/src/app.module.ts
index a09f1b6..2c3efe9 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/app.module.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/app.module.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import {
   StudentProfile,
   StudentEnrollment,
   ExamScore,
+  Exam,
   LearningRecord,
   ExpenseType,
   ResultArchive,
@@ -51,7 +52,8 @@ import {
 } from './entities';
 import { AuthModule } from './auth/auth.module';
 import { InitialSchema1784520727860 } from './migrations/1784520727860-InitialSchema';
-const allMigrations = [InitialSchema1784520727860];
+import { AddExamManagement1784600000000 } from './migrations/1784600000000-AddExamManagement';
+const allMigrations = [InitialSchema1784520727860, AddExamManagement1784600000000];
 import { AuthorizationModule } from './authorization';
 import { RbacModule } from './rbac/rbac.module';
 import { StudentsModule } from './students/students.module';
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@ import { AgentToolsModule } from './agent-tools';
 import { AiConfigModule } from './ai-config/ai-config.module';
 import { WalletsModule } from './wallets/wallets.module';
 import { FinancialOperationsModule } from './financial-operations/financial-operations.module';
+import { ExamsModule } from './exams/exams.module';
 
 import {
   IntegrationConfig,
@@ -137,6 +140,7 @@ import { IntegrationConfigModule } from './integration/config/config.module';
           StudentProfile,
           StudentEnrollment,
           ExamScore,
+          Exam,
           LearningRecord,
           ExpenseType,
           ArchiveAttachment,
@@ -178,6 +182,7 @@ import { IntegrationConfigModule } from './integration/config/config.module';
     AuthModule,
     RbacModule,
     StudentsModule,
+    ExamsModule,
     RoomsModule,
     OccupanciesModule,
     ExpensesModule,
diff --git a/apps/server/src/archive/archive-report.service.ts b/apps/server/src/archive/archive-report.service.ts
index e493754..312ca0a 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/archive/archive-report.service.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/archive/archive-report.service.ts
@@ -412,11 +412,13 @@ ${this.buildLearningAndResult(learnings, result, now)}
     const highestName = highestExam?.examName ?? '-';
 
     // Improvement: last exam score minus first exam score
-    const sortedExams = [...cultureExams].filter((e) => e.score != null);
+    const sortedScores = cultureExams
+      .map((exam) => exam.score)
+      .filter((score): score is number => score !== null && score !== undefined);
     let improvement = '—';
-    if (sortedExams.length >= 2) {
-      const first = sortedExams[0].score;
-      const last = sortedExams[sortedExams.length - 1].score;
+    if (sortedScores.length >= 2) {
+      const first = sortedScores[0];
+      const last = sortedScores[sortedScores.length - 1];
       improvement = (last - first).toFixed(1);
     }
 
@@ -511,7 +513,7 @@ ${this.buildLearningAndResult(learnings, result, now)}
     const cultureExams = exams.filter((e) => e.score != null);
     if (cultureExams.length === 0) return '';
 
-    const scores = cultureExams.map((e) => e.score);
+    const scores = cultureExams.map((e) => Number(e.score));
     const labels = cultureExams.map((e) => {
       const d = e.examDate || '-';
       return d.length > 7 ? d.slice(5) : d;
diff --git a/apps/server/src/archive/archive.boundaries.spec.ts b/apps/server/src/archive/archive.boundaries.spec.ts
index 13ed5e7..e4b3fd3 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/archive/archive.boundaries.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/archive/archive.boundaries.spec.ts
@@ -67,6 +67,22 @@ describe('ArchiveService — resource and relationship boundaries', () => {
     expect(exam.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it('keeps exam-management scores read-only in the student archive', async () => {
+    const exam = {
+      findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: 3, studentId: 7, examId: 8 }),
+      save: jest.fn(),
+      update: jest.fn(),
+    };
+    const service = createService({ exam });
+
+    await expect(service.updateExamScore(3, { score: 95 })).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(
+      BadRequestException,
+    );
+    await expect(service.deleteExamScore(3)).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(BadRequestException);
+    expect(exam.save).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(exam.update).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it('rejects a missing attachment upload before writing to disk', async () => {
     const service = createService({ student: { findOne: jest.fn() } });
     await expect(service.addAttachment(7, undefined as never, 'other')).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(
diff --git a/apps/server/src/archive/archive.service.ts b/apps/server/src/archive/archive.service.ts
index f1140c2..b6eb6cd 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/archive/archive.service.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/archive/archive.service.ts
@@ -75,7 +75,11 @@ export class ArchiveService {
     ] = await Promise.all([
       this.profileRepo.findOne({ where: { studentId } }),
       this.enrollmentRepo.find({ where: { studentId, status: 'active' }, order: { createdAt: 'DESC' } }),
-      this.examScoreRepo.find({ where: { studentId, status: 'active' }, order: { examDate: 'DESC' } }),
+      this.examScoreRepo.find({
+        where: { studentId, status: 'active' },
+        relations: ['exam', 'exam.class'],
+        order: { examDate: 'DESC' },
+      }),
       this.learningRecordRepo.find({ where: { studentId, status: 'active' }, order: { recordDate: 'DESC' } }),
       this.resultRepo.findOne({ where: { studentId } }),
       this.attachmentRepo.find({ where: { studentId, status: 'active' }, order: { createdAt: 'DESC' } }),
@@ -154,6 +158,7 @@ export class ArchiveService {
   async updateExamScore(id: number, dto: UpdateExamScoreDto) {
     const entity = await this.examScoreRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
     if (!entity) throw new NotFoundException('考试成绩不存在');
+    if (entity.examId) throw new BadRequestException('考试管理同步成绩请在考试管理中修改');
     await this.assertEnrollmentBelongsToStudent(entity.studentId, dto.enrollmentId);
     Object.assign(entity, dto);
     return this.examScoreRepo.save(entity);
@@ -162,6 +167,7 @@ export class ArchiveService {
   async deleteExamScore(id: number) {
     const entity = await this.examScoreRepo.findOne({ where: { id } });
     if (!entity) throw new NotFoundException('考试成绩不存在');
+    if (entity.examId) throw new BadRequestException('考试管理同步成绩不能在学生档案中归档');
     if (entity.status === 'archived') throw new BadRequestException('考试成绩已归档');
     await this.examScoreRepo.update(id, { status: 'archived' });
     return { message: '已归档' };
diff --git a/apps/server/src/entities/exam-score.entity.ts b/apps/server/src/entities/exam-score.entity.ts
index 4a88ecf..4a6e3e9 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/entities/exam-score.entity.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/entities/exam-score.entity.ts
@@ -9,12 +9,20 @@ import {
 } from 'typeorm';
 import { Student } from './student.entity';
 import { StudentEnrollment } from './student-enrollment.entity';
+import { Exam } from './exam.entity';
 
 @Entity('exam_scores')
 export class ExamScore {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
   id: number;
 
+  @Column({ name: 'exam_id', type: 'integer', nullable: true })
+  examId: number | null;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => Exam, (exam) => exam.scores, { nullable: true, onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'exam_id' })
+  exam: Exam | null;
+
   @Column({ name: 'student_id', type: 'integer' })
   studentId: number;
 
@@ -39,13 +47,13 @@ export class ExamScore {
   subject: string;
 
   @Column({ type: 'decimal', precision: 5, scale: 2, nullable: true })
-  score: number;
+  score: number | null;
 
   @Column({ name: 'class_avg', type: 'decimal', precision: 5, scale: 2, nullable: true })
-  classAvg: number;
+  classAvg: number | null;
 
   @Column({ type: 'integer', nullable: true })
-  rank: number;
+  rank: number | null;
 
   @Column({ name: 'exam_date', type: 'date', nullable: true })
   examDate: string;
diff --git a/apps/server/src/entities/exam.entity.ts b/apps/server/src/entities/exam.entity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47de60d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/entities/exam.entity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import {
+  Column,
+  CreateDateColumn,
+  Entity,
+  JoinColumn,
+  ManyToOne,
+  OneToMany,
+  PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
+  UpdateDateColumn,
+} from 'typeorm';
+import { Class } from './class.entity';
+import { ExamScore } from './exam-score.entity';
+
+@Entity('exams')
+export class Exam {
+  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
+  id: number;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'exam_type', length: 50 })
+  examType: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'exam_name', length: 100 })
+  examName: string;
+
+  @Column({ length: 50 })
+  subject: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'exam_date', type: 'date' })
+  examDate: string;
+
+  @Column({ name: 'class_id', type: 'integer' })
+  classId: number;
+
+  @ManyToOne(() => Class)
+  @JoinColumn({ name: 'class_id' })
+  class: Class;
+
+  @OneToMany(() => ExamScore, (score) => score.exam)
+  scores: ExamScore[];
+
+  @Column({ type: 'varchar', length: 20, default: 'active' })
+  status: 'active' | 'archived';
+
+  @CreateDateColumn({ name: 'created_at' })
+  createdAt: Date;
+
+  @UpdateDateColumn({ name: 'updated_at' })
+  updatedAt: Date;
+}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/entities/index.ts b/apps/server/src/entities/index.ts
index 8b5cba5..9e85eae 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/entities/index.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/entities/index.ts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ export { Notification, NotificationType } from './notification.entity';
 export { StudentProfile } from './student-profile.entity';
 export { StudentEnrollment } from './student-enrollment.entity';
 export { ExamScore } from './exam-score.entity';
+export { Exam } from './exam.entity';
 export { LearningRecord } from './learning-record.entity';
 export { ResultArchive } from './result-archive.entity';
 export { ArchiveAttachment } from './archive-attachment.entity';
diff --git a/apps/server/src/exams/dto/exam.dto.ts b/apps/server/src/exams/dto/exam.dto.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5747a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/exams/dto/exam.dto.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { Type } from 'class-transformer';
+import {
+  IsDateString,
+  IsInt,
+  IsNotEmpty,
+  IsNumber,
+  IsOptional,
+  IsString,
+  Max,
+  Min,
+} from 'class-validator';
+
+export class CreateExamDto {
+  @IsString() @IsNotEmpty() examType: string;
+  @IsString() @IsNotEmpty() examName: string;
+  @IsString() @IsNotEmpty() subject: string;
+  @IsDateString() examDate: string;
+  @IsInt() @Min(1) classId: number;
+}
+
+export class QueryExamDto {
+  @IsOptional() @IsString() keyword?: string;
+  @IsOptional() @IsString() examType?: string;
+  @IsOptional() @Type(() => Number) @IsInt() @Min(1) classId?: number;
+}
+
+export class UpdateExamScoreValueDto {
+  @IsOptional() @IsNumber() @Min(0) @Max(999.99) score?: number | null;
+}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/exams/exams.controller.ts b/apps/server/src/exams/exams.controller.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aae912f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/exams/exams.controller.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import {
+  Body,
+  Controller,
+  Get,
+  Param,
+  ParseIntPipe,
+  Post,
+  Put,
+  Query,
+  Request,
+  UseGuards,
+  UsePipes,
+  ValidationPipe,
+} from '@nestjs/common';
+import { JwtAuthGuard } from '../auth/guards/jwt-auth.guard';
+import { RequirePermission } from '../auth/decorators/permission.decorator';
+import { extractRequestInfo } from '../common/request-utils';
+import { OperationLogsService } from '../operation-logs/operation-logs.service';
+import type { AuthenticatedUser } from '../authorization';
+import { CreateExamDto, QueryExamDto, UpdateExamScoreValueDto } from './dto/exam.dto';
+import { ExamsService } from './exams.service';
+
+interface AuthenticatedRequest {
+  user: AuthenticatedUser;
+  ip?: string;
+  headers?: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>;
+}
+
+@UseGuards(JwtAuthGuard)
+@UsePipes(new ValidationPipe({ transform: true, whitelist: true, forbidNonWhitelisted: true }))
+@Controller('exams')
+export class ExamsController {
+  constructor(
+    private readonly service: ExamsService,
+    private readonly logService: OperationLogsService,
+  ) {}
+
+  private canManageAll(req: AuthenticatedRequest) {
+    return req.user.isSuperAdmin || req.user.permissions.includes('exam:edit');
+  }
+
+  @Get()
+  @RequirePermission('exam:view')
+  async findAll(@Query() query: QueryExamDto, @Request() req: AuthenticatedRequest) {
+    const classIds = await this.service.getAccessibleClassIds(req.user.id, this.canManageAll(req));
+    return this.service.findAll(query, classIds);
+  }
+
+  @Get(':id')
+  @RequirePermission('exam:view')
+  findOne(@Param('id', ParseIntPipe) id: number, @Request() req: AuthenticatedRequest) {
+    return this.service.findOne(id, req.user.id, this.canManageAll(req));
+  }
+
+  @Post()
+  @RequirePermission('exam:view')
+  async create(@Body() dto: CreateExamDto, @Request() req: AuthenticatedRequest) {
+    const result = await this.service.create(dto, req.user.id, this.canManageAll(req));
+    const { ipAddress, userAgent } = extractRequestInfo(req);
+    await this.logService.log({
+      userId: req.user.id,
+      username: req.user.username,
+      module: '考试管理',
+      action: '创建考试',
+      targetId: result.id,
+      targetType: 'exam',
+      detail: `${dto.examName} - ${dto.subject}`,
+      ipAddress,
+      userAgent,
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @Put(':examId/scores/:scoreId')
+  @RequirePermission('exam:view')
+  async updateScore(
+    @Param('examId', ParseIntPipe) examId: number,
+    @Param('scoreId', ParseIntPipe) scoreId: number,
+    @Body() dto: UpdateExamScoreValueDto,
+    @Request() req: AuthenticatedRequest,
+  ) {
+    const result = await this.service.updateScore(
+      examId,
+      scoreId,
+      dto.score,
+      req.user.id,
+      this.canManageAll(req),
+    );
+    const { ipAddress, userAgent } = extractRequestInfo(req);
+    await this.logService.log({
+      userId: req.user.id,
+      username: req.user.username,
+      module: '考试管理',
+      action: dto.score === null || dto.score === undefined ? '清空成绩' : '录入成绩',
+      targetId: scoreId,
+      targetType: 'exam_score',
+      detail: dto.score === null || dto.score === undefined ? '成绩已清空' : `成绩：${dto.score}`,
+      ipAddress,
+      userAgent,
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/exams/exams.module.ts b/apps/server/src/exams/exams.module.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b48ba04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/exams/exams.module.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { Class, ClassStudent, ClassTeacher, Exam, ExamScore, Student } from '../entities';
+import { OperationLogsModule } from '../operation-logs/operation-logs.module';
+import { ExamsController } from './exams.controller';
+import { ExamsService } from './exams.service';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    TypeOrmModule.forFeature([Exam, ExamScore, Class, ClassStudent, ClassTeacher, Student]),
+    OperationLogsModule,
+  ],
+  controllers: [ExamsController],
+  providers: [ExamsService],
+})
+export class ExamsModule {}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/exams/exams.service.spec.ts b/apps/server/src/exams/exams.service.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2547127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/exams/exams.service.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import { BadRequestException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ExamScore } from '../entities';
+import { ExamsService } from './exams.service';
+
+function createService(transaction: (run: (manager: any) => Promise<unknown>) => Promise<unknown>) {
+  return new ExamsService(
+    {} as never,
+    {} as never,
+    {} as never,
+    {} as never,
+    { findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: 1 }) } as never,
+    { transaction } as never,
+  );
+}
+
+describe('ExamsService', () => {
+  it('creates score rows from the active class roster snapshot', async () => {
+    const members = [
+      { studentId: 11, status: 'active' },
+      { studentId: 12, status: 'active' },
+    ];
+    const manager = {
+      findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: 3, isArchived: false }),
+      find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(members),
+      create: jest.fn((_entity, value) => value),
+      save: jest.fn(async (entity, value) =>
+        entity.name === 'Exam' ? { ...value, id: 9 } : value,
+      ),
+    };
+    const service = createService(async (run) => run(manager));
+
+    await service.create(
+      {
+        examType: '月考',
+        examName: '七月月考',
+        subject: '数学',
+        examDate: '2026-07-21',
+        classId: 3,
+      },
+      1,
+      true,
+    );
+
+    expect(manager.find).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.objectContaining({ where: { classId: 3, status: 'active' } }),
+    );
+    expect(manager.save).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      ExamScore,
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({ examId: 9, studentId: 11, score: null }),
+        expect.objectContaining({ examId: 9, studentId: 12, score: null }),
+      ]),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('rejects creating an exam for an empty class', async () => {
+    const manager = {
+      findOne: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: 3, isArchived: false }),
+      find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue([]),
+    };
+    const service = createService(async (run) => run(manager));
+
+    await expect(
+      service.create(
+        {
+          examType: '月考',
+          examName: '七月月考',
+          subject: '数学',
+          examDate: '2026-07-21',
+          classId: 3,
+        },
+        1,
+        true,
+      ),
+    ).rejects.toBeInstanceOf(BadRequestException);
+  });
+
+  it('counts zero, ignores empty scores, and uses competition ranking', async () => {
+    const rows = [
+      { id: 1, score: 90, classAvg: null, rank: null },
+      { id: 2, score: 90, classAvg: null, rank: null },
+      { id: 3, score: 60, classAvg: null, rank: null },
+      { id: 4, score: 0, classAvg: null, rank: null },
+      { id: 5, score: null, classAvg: null, rank: null },
+    ];
+    const manager = {
+      findOne: jest
+        .fn()
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 8, classId: 3, status: 'active' })
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(rows[0])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(rows[0]),
+      find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(rows),
+      save: jest.fn(async (_entity, value) => value),
+    };
+    const service = createService(async (run) => run(manager));
+
+    await service.updateScore(8, 1, 90, 1, true);
+
+    expect(rows.map((row) => row.rank)).toEqual([1, 1, 3, 4, null]);
+    expect(rows.map((row) => row.classAvg)).toEqual([60, 60, 60, 60, 60]);
+  });
+
+  it('clears a score and recalculates the remaining rows', async () => {
+    const rows = [
+      { id: 1, score: 90, classAvg: 80, rank: 1 },
+      { id: 2, score: 70, classAvg: 80, rank: 2 },
+    ];
+    const manager = {
+      findOne: jest
+        .fn()
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 8, classId: 3, status: 'active' })
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(rows[0])
+        .mockResolvedValueOnce(rows[0]),
+      find: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(rows),
+      save: jest.fn(async (_entity, value) => value),
+    };
+    const service = createService(async (run) => run(manager));
+
+    await service.updateScore(8, 1, null, 1, true);
+
+    expect(rows).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({ score: null, classAvg: 70, rank: null }),
+      expect.objectContaining({ score: 70, classAvg: 70, rank: 1 }),
+    ]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/server/src/exams/exams.service.ts b/apps/server/src/exams/exams.service.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aaa3aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/exams/exams.service.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+import { BadRequestException, ForbiddenException, Injectable, NotFoundException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
+import { DataSource, EntityManager, In, Like, Repository } from 'typeorm';
+import { Class, ClassStudent, ClassTeacher, Exam, ExamScore } from '../entities';
+import { CreateExamDto, QueryExamDto } from './dto/exam.dto';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class ExamsService {
+  constructor(
+    @InjectRepository(Exam) private examRepo: Repository<Exam>,
+    @InjectRepository(ExamScore) private scoreRepo: Repository<ExamScore>,
+    @InjectRepository(Class) private classRepo: Repository<Class>,
+    @InjectRepository(ClassStudent) private classStudentRepo: Repository<ClassStudent>,
+    @InjectRepository(ClassTeacher) private classTeacherRepo: Repository<ClassTeacher>,
+    private dataSource: DataSource,
+  ) {}
+
+  async getAccessibleClassIds(userId: number, canManageAll: boolean) {
+    if (canManageAll) return undefined;
+    const rows = await this.classTeacherRepo.find({ where: { userId } });
+    return [...new Set(rows.map((row) => row.classId))];
+  }
+
+  async assertClassAccess(userId: number, classId: number, canManageAll: boolean) {
+    if (canManageAll) return;
+    const assignment = await this.classTeacherRepo.findOne({ where: { userId, classId } });
+    if (!assignment) throw new ForbiddenException('只能访问自己被分配的班级');
+  }
+
+  async findAll(query: QueryExamDto, accessibleClassIds?: number[]) {
+    const where: Record<string, unknown> = {
+      status: 'active',
+    };
+    if (query.keyword) where.examName = Like(`%${query.keyword}%`);
+    if (query.examType) where.examType = query.examType;
+    if (query.classId) where.classId = query.classId;
+    if (accessibleClassIds) {
+      if (accessibleClassIds.length === 0) return [];
+      where.classId = query.classId
+        ? accessibleClassIds.includes(query.classId)
+          ? query.classId
+          : -1
+        : In(accessibleClassIds);
+    }
+
+    const exams = await this.examRepo.find({
+      where,
+      relations: ['class'],
+      order: { examDate: 'DESC', createdAt: 'DESC' },
+    });
+    if (exams.length === 0) return [];
+    const scoreRows = await this.scoreRepo.find({
+      where: { examId: In(exams.map((exam) => exam.id)), status: 'active' },
+    });
+    const progress = new Map<number, { total: number; entered: number }>();
+    for (const row of scoreRows) {
+      const item = progress.get(row.examId!) ?? { total: 0, entered: 0 };
+      item.total++;
+      if (row.score !== null && row.score !== undefined) item.entered++;
+      progress.set(row.examId!, item);
+    }
+    return exams.map((exam) => ({
+      ...exam,
+      className: exam.class?.name,
+      totalStudents: progress.get(exam.id)?.total ?? 0,
+      enteredScores: progress.get(exam.id)?.entered ?? 0,
+    }));
+  }
+
+  async findOne(id: number, userId: number, canManageAll: boolean) {
+    const exam = await this.examRepo.findOne({ where: { id }, relations: ['class'] });
+    if (!exam) throw new NotFoundException('考试不存在');
+    await this.assertClassAccess(userId, exam.classId, canManageAll);
+    const scores = await this.scoreRepo.find({
+      where: { examId: id, status: 'active' },
+      relations: ['student'],
+      order: { id: 'ASC' },
+    });
+    return {
+      ...exam,
+      className: exam.class?.name,
+      totalStudents: scores.length,
+      enteredScores: scores.filter((row) => row.score !== null && row.score !== undefined).length,
+      scores: scores.map((row) => ({
+        id: row.id,
+        studentId: row.studentId,
+        phone: row.student?.phone,
+        name: row.student?.name,
+        score: row.score === null ? null : Number(row.score),
+        classAvg: row.classAvg === null ? null : Number(row.classAvg),
+        rank: row.rank,
+      })),
+    };
+  }
+
+  async create(dto: CreateExamDto, userId: number, canManageAll: boolean) {
+    await this.assertClassAccess(userId, dto.classId, canManageAll);
+    return this.dataSource.transaction(async (manager) => {
+      const cls = await manager.findOne(Class, { where: { id: dto.classId } });
+      if (!cls) throw new NotFoundException('班级不存在');
+      if (cls.isArchived) throw new BadRequestException('归档班级不能创建考试');
+      const members = await manager.find(ClassStudent, {
+        where: { classId: dto.classId, status: 'active' },
+        order: { createdAt: 'ASC' },
+      });
+      if (members.length === 0) throw new BadRequestException('班级暂无在读学员，不能创建考试');
+      const exam = await manager.save(Exam, manager.create(Exam, { ...dto, status: 'active' }));
+      await this.createScoreRows(manager, exam, members);
+      return exam;
+    });
+  }
+
+  async updateScore(
+    examId: number,
+    scoreId: number,
+    score: number | null | undefined,
+    userId: number,
+    canManageAll: boolean,
+  ) {
+    return this.dataSource.transaction(async (manager) => {
+      const exam = await manager.findOne(Exam, { where: { id: examId } });
+      if (!exam) throw new NotFoundException('考试不存在');
+      await this.assertClassAccess(userId, exam.classId, canManageAll);
+      if (exam.status === 'archived') throw new BadRequestException('已归档考试不能录入成绩');
+      const row = await manager.findOne(ExamScore, { where: { id: scoreId, examId } });
+      if (!row) throw new NotFoundException('成绩记录不存在');
+      row.score = score === undefined ? null : score;
+      await manager.save(ExamScore, row);
+      await this.recalculate(manager, examId);
+      return manager.findOne(ExamScore, { where: { id: scoreId } });
+    });
+  }
+
+  private async createScoreRows(manager: EntityManager, exam: Exam, members: ClassStudent[]) {
+    const rows = members.map((member) =>
+      manager.create(ExamScore, {
+        examId: exam.id,
+        studentId: member.studentId,
+        examType: exam.examType,
+        examName: exam.examName,
+        subject: exam.subject,
+        score: null,
+        classAvg: null,
+        rank: null,
+        examDate: exam.examDate,
+        status: 'active',
+      }),
+    );
+    await manager.save(ExamScore, rows);
+  }
+
+  private async recalculate(manager: EntityManager, examId: number) {
+    const rows = await manager.find(ExamScore, { where: { examId, status: 'active' } });
+    const entered = rows
+      .filter((row) => row.score !== null && row.score !== undefined)
+      .sort((a, b) => Number(b.score) - Number(a.score));
+    const average =
+      entered.length === 0
+        ? null
+        : Math.round((entered.reduce((sum, row) => sum + Number(row.score), 0) / entered.length) * 100) /
+          100;
+    let previousScore: number | null = null;
+    let previousRank = 0;
+    for (let index = 0; index < entered.length; index++) {
+      const row = entered[index];
+      const value = Number(row.score);
+      const rank = previousScore !== null && value === previousScore ? previousRank : index + 1;
+      row.classAvg = average;
+      row.rank = rank;
+      previousScore = value;
+      previousRank = rank;
+    }
+    const enteredIds = new Set(entered.map((row) => row.id));
+    for (const row of rows) {
+      if (!enteredIds.has(row.id)) {
+        row.classAvg = average;
+        row.rank = null;
+      }
+    }
+    await manager.save(ExamScore, rows);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/migration-runner.ts b/apps/server/src/migration-runner.ts
index e0ff8d7..e8e6bb3 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/migration-runner.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/migration-runner.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
 import { InitialSchema1784520727860 } from './migrations/1784520727860-InitialSchema';
+import { AddExamManagement1784600000000 } from './migrations/1784600000000-AddExamManagement';
 import { config } from 'dotenv';
 
 config();
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ export async function runMigrationsOnStartup(): Promise<void> {
     password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD || '',
     database: process.env.DB_DATABASE || 'dorm_billing',
     charset: 'utf8mb4',
-    migrations: [InitialSchema1784520727860],
+    migrations: [InitialSchema1784520727860, AddExamManagement1784600000000],
   });
 
   await ds.initialize();
diff --git a/apps/server/src/migrations/1784600000000-AddExamManagement.ts b/apps/server/src/migrations/1784600000000-AddExamManagement.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4cf48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/server/src/migrations/1784600000000-AddExamManagement.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner, Table, TableColumn, TableForeignKey, TableIndex } from 'typeorm';
+
+export class AddExamManagement1784600000000 implements MigrationInterface {
+  async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    if (!(await queryRunner.hasTable('exams'))) {
+      await queryRunner.createTable(
+        new Table({
+          name: 'exams',
+          columns: [
+            { name: 'id', type: 'integer', isPrimary: true, isGenerated: true, generationStrategy: 'increment' },
+            { name: 'exam_type', type: 'varchar', length: '50' },
+            { name: 'exam_name', type: 'varchar', length: '100' },
+            { name: 'subject', type: 'varchar', length: '50' },
+            { name: 'exam_date', type: 'date' },
+            { name: 'class_id', type: 'integer' },
+            { name: 'status', type: 'varchar', length: '20', default: "'active'" },
+            { name: 'created_at', type: 'datetime', default: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP' },
+            { name: 'updated_at', type: 'datetime', default: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP' },
+          ],
+        }),
+      );
+      await queryRunner.createForeignKey(
+        'exams',
+        new TableForeignKey({
+          columnNames: ['class_id'],
+          referencedTableName: 'classes',
+          referencedColumnNames: ['id'],
+        }),
+      );
+      await queryRunner.createIndex('exams', new TableIndex({ columnNames: ['class_id', 'status'] }));
+    }
+
+    if (!(await queryRunner.hasColumn('exam_scores', 'exam_id'))) {
+      await queryRunner.addColumn(
+        'exam_scores',
+        new TableColumn({ name: 'exam_id', type: 'integer', isNullable: true }),
+      );
+      await queryRunner.createForeignKey(
+        'exam_scores',
+        new TableForeignKey({
+          columnNames: ['exam_id'],
+          referencedTableName: 'exams',
+          referencedColumnNames: ['id'],
+          onDelete: 'CASCADE',
+        }),
+      );
+      await queryRunner.createIndex('exam_scores', new TableIndex({ columnNames: ['exam_id'] }));
+    }
+  }
+
+  async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    if (await queryRunner.hasColumn('exam_scores', 'exam_id')) {
+      const table = await queryRunner.getTable('exam_scores');
+      const foreignKey = table?.foreignKeys.find((key) => key.columnNames.includes('exam_id'));
+      if (foreignKey) await queryRunner.dropForeignKey('exam_scores', foreignKey);
+      const index = table?.indices.find((item) => item.columnNames.includes('exam_id'));
+      if (index) await queryRunner.dropIndex('exam_scores', index);
+      await queryRunner.dropColumn('exam_scores', 'exam_id');
+    }
+    if (await queryRunner.hasTable('exams')) await queryRunner.dropTable('exams');
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/server/src/rbac/rbac.service.ts b/apps/server/src/rbac/rbac.service.ts
index a76dd6a..a814e61 100644
--- a/apps/server/src/rbac/rbac.service.ts
+++ b/apps/server/src/rbac/rbac.service.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ const PRESET_PERMISSIONS: Array<{ code: string; name: string; group: string }> =
   { code: 'student:delete', name: '归档学生', group: 'student' },
   { code: 'student:import', name: '导入学生', group: 'student' },
   { code: 'student:export', name: '导出学生', group: 'student' },
+  { code: 'exam:view', name: '查看和录入考试成绩', group: 'exam' },
   { code: 'room:view', name: '查看宿舍', group: 'room' },
   { code: 'room:create', name: '新增宿舍', group: 'room' },
   { code: 'room:edit', name: '编辑宿舍', group: 'room' },
@@ -203,6 +204,7 @@ export const PRESET_ROLES: Array<{
     isSystem: true,
     permissionGroups: [
       'student',
+      'exam',
       'class',
       'schedule',
       'attendance',