diff --git a/apps/api/src/features/catalog/navigation.ts b/apps/api/src/features/catalog/navigation.ts
index 72b9bf3b..0200acbe 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/features/catalog/navigation.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/features/catalog/navigation.ts
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export async function contentNodesRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
            marker_type as "markerType", marker_config as "markerConfig",
            path::text as path, depth, sort_order as "order",
            is_active as "isActive", is_selectable as "isSelectable",
-           is_leaf as "isLeaf", metadata,
+           is_leaf as "isLeaf", access_rules as "accessRules", metadata,
            created_at as "createdAt", updated_at as "updatedAt"
     from public.content_nodes
     where ${filters.join(' and ')}
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ export async function questionCollectionsRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
            legacy_id as "legacyId", name, collection_type as "collectionType",
            source_type as "sourceType", filters, question_count as "questionCount",
            total_score as "totalScore", duration_minutes as "durationMinutes",
-           status, sort_order as "order", metadata,
+           status, sort_order as "order", access_rules as "accessRules", metadata,
            created_at as "createdAt", updated_at as "updatedAt"
     from public.question_collections
     where ${filters.join(' and ')}
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ export async function practiceBlueprintsRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
            legacy_id as "legacyId", name, mode,
            assembly_type as "assemblyType", question_limit as "questionLimit",
            duration_minutes as "durationMinutes", total_score as "totalScore",
-           pass_score as "passScore", sections, rules, status,
+           pass_score as "passScore", sections, rules, access_rules as "accessRules", status,
            sort_order as "order", created_at as "createdAt",
            updated_at as "updatedAt"
     from public.practice_blueprints
diff --git a/apps/api/src/features/learning/access.ts b/apps/api/src/features/learning/access.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0390878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/api/src/features/learning/access.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+import type pg from 'pg';
+import { HttpError } from '../../core/http.js';
+
+type JsonObject = Record<string, unknown>;
+
+export interface PracticeAssemblyAccessInput {
+  mode: string;
+  blueprintId: string | null;
+  collectionId: string | null;
+  entryId: string | null;
+  contentNodeId: string | null;
+  rules: JsonObject;
+}
+
+export interface PracticeAccessDecision {
+  accessMode: 'free' | 'svip' | 'staff';
+  entitlementId: string | null;
+  questionIds: string[];
+  consumedFreeQuota: number;
+  accessSnapshot: JsonObject;
+}
+
+interface PracticeAccessScopeRow {
+  entryId: string | null;
+  entryRegionId: string | null;
+  entryVisibility: string | null;
+  entryAccessRules: JsonObject | null;
+  nodeId: string | null;
+  nodeRegionId: string | null;
+  nodeAccessRules: JsonObject | null;
+  nodeMetadata: JsonObject | null;
+  collectionId: string | null;
+  collectionRegionId: string | null;
+  collectionSubjectId: string | null;
+  collectionQuestionBankId: string | null;
+  collectionAccessRules: JsonObject | null;
+  collectionMetadata: JsonObject | null;
+  blueprintId: string | null;
+  blueprintRegionId: string | null;
+  blueprintAccessRules: JsonObject | null;
+  blueprintRules: JsonObject | null;
+}
+
+interface QuestionScopeRow {
+  id: string;
+  regionId: string | null;
+  subjectId: string | null;
+  questionBankId: string | null;
+  contentNodeId: string | null;
+  primaryCollectionId: string | null;
+}
+
+interface EntitlementRow {
+  id: string;
+  scopeType: string;
+  scopeId: string | null;
+  expiresAt: string | null;
+}
+
+interface StaffRow {
+  id: string;
+  role: string;
+}
+
+function isObject(value: unknown): value is JsonObject {
+  return !!value && typeof value === 'object' && !Array.isArray(value);
+}
+
+function objectValue(value: unknown): JsonObject {
+  return isObject(value) ? value : {};
+}
+
+function positiveIntValue(value: unknown, fallback: number, max = 1000) {
+  const parsed = Number(value ?? fallback);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed < 0) return fallback;
+  return Math.min(Math.trunc(parsed), max);
+}
+
+function stringValue(value: unknown) {
+  return typeof value === 'string' && value.trim() ? value.trim() : '';
+}
+
+function boolValue(value: unknown, fallback = false) {
+  return typeof value === 'boolean' ? value : fallback;
+}
+
+function mergeRules(...rules: unknown[]): JsonObject {
+  return rules.reduce<JsonObject>((acc, rule) => ({ ...acc, ...objectValue(rule) }), {});
+}
+
+function resolveAccessMode(scope: PracticeAccessScopeRow, assembly: PracticeAssemblyAccessInput, mergedRules: JsonObject) {
+  const explicitMode = stringValue(mergedRules.accessMode || mergedRules.mode || mergedRules.requiredAccess);
+  if (['public', 'free'].includes(explicitMode)) return 'free';
+  if (['members', 'svip', 'paid'].includes(explicitMode)) return 'svip';
+  if (scope.entryVisibility === 'svip') return 'svip';
+  if (scope.entryVisibility === 'members') return 'free';
+  if (assembly.mode === 'mock_exam' && boolValue(mergedRules.mockExamRequiresSvip, false)) return 'svip';
+  return 'free';
+}
+
+function scopeCandidates(input: {
+  tenantId: string;
+  mergedRules: JsonObject;
+  scope: PracticeAccessScopeRow;
+  questions: QuestionScopeRow[];
+}) {
+  const regionIds = new Set<string>();
+  const subjectIds = new Set<string>();
+  const questionBankIds = new Set<string>();
+
+  for (const id of [input.scope.blueprintRegionId, input.scope.collectionRegionId, input.scope.nodeRegionId, input.scope.entryRegionId]) {
+    if (id) regionIds.add(id);
+  }
+  for (const question of input.questions) {
+    if (question.regionId) regionIds.add(question.regionId);
+    if (question.subjectId) subjectIds.add(question.subjectId);
+    if (question.questionBankId) questionBankIds.add(question.questionBankId);
+  }
+
+  const requiredRegionId = stringValue(input.mergedRules.regionId || input.mergedRules.requiredRegionId);
+  const requiredSubjectId = stringValue(input.mergedRules.subjectId || input.mergedRules.requiredSubjectId);
+  const requiredQuestionBankId = stringValue(input.mergedRules.questionBankId || input.mergedRules.requiredQuestionBankId);
+  if (requiredRegionId) regionIds.add(requiredRegionId);
+  if (requiredSubjectId) subjectIds.add(requiredSubjectId);
+  if (requiredQuestionBankId) questionBankIds.add(requiredQuestionBankId);
+  if (input.scope.collectionSubjectId) subjectIds.add(input.scope.collectionSubjectId);
+  if (input.scope.collectionQuestionBankId) questionBankIds.add(input.scope.collectionQuestionBankId);
+
+  return {
+    tenantIds: [input.tenantId],
+    regionIds: [...regionIds],
+    subjectIds: [...subjectIds],
+    questionBankIds: [...questionBankIds],
+  };
+}
+
+function hasScopeAccess(entitlement: EntitlementRow, candidates: ReturnType<typeof scopeCandidates>) {
+  if (entitlement.scopeType === 'tenant') return true;
+  if (!entitlement.scopeId) return false;
+  if (entitlement.scopeType === 'region') return candidates.regionIds.includes(entitlement.scopeId);
+  if (entitlement.scopeType === 'subject') return candidates.subjectIds.includes(entitlement.scopeId);
+  if (entitlement.scopeType === 'question_bank') return candidates.questionBankIds.includes(entitlement.scopeId);
+  return false;
+}
+
+async function loadScope(client: pg.PoolClient, tenantId: string, assembly: PracticeAssemblyAccessInput) {
+  const result = await client.query<PracticeAccessScopeRow>(
+    `
+    select
+      ce.id as "entryId",
+      ce.region_id as "entryRegionId",
+      ce.visibility as "entryVisibility",
+      ce.access_rules as "entryAccessRules",
+      cn.id as "nodeId",
+      cn.region_id as "nodeRegionId",
+      cn.access_rules as "nodeAccessRules",
+      cn.metadata as "nodeMetadata",
+      qc.id as "collectionId",
+      qc.region_id as "collectionRegionId",
+      qc.subject_id as "collectionSubjectId",
+      qc.question_bank_id as "collectionQuestionBankId",
+      qc.access_rules as "collectionAccessRules",
+      qc.metadata as "collectionMetadata",
+      pb.id as "blueprintId",
+      pb.region_id as "blueprintRegionId",
+      pb.access_rules as "blueprintAccessRules",
+      pb.rules as "blueprintRules"
+    from (select $1::uuid as tenant_id) t
+    left join public.content_entries ce on ce.tenant_id = t.tenant_id and ce.id = $2::uuid
+    left join public.content_nodes cn on cn.tenant_id = t.tenant_id and cn.id = $3::uuid
+    left join public.question_collections qc on qc.tenant_id = t.tenant_id and qc.id = $4::uuid
+    left join public.practice_blueprints pb on pb.tenant_id = t.tenant_id and pb.id = $5::uuid
+    limit 1
+    `,
+    [tenantId, assembly.entryId, assembly.contentNodeId, assembly.collectionId, assembly.blueprintId],
+  );
+  return result.rows[0] || {
+    entryId: null,
+    entryRegionId: null,
+    entryVisibility: null,
+    entryAccessRules: null,
+    nodeId: null,
+    nodeRegionId: null,
+    nodeAccessRules: null,
+    nodeMetadata: null,
+    collectionId: null,
+    collectionRegionId: null,
+    collectionSubjectId: null,
+    collectionQuestionBankId: null,
+    collectionAccessRules: null,
+    collectionMetadata: null,
+    blueprintId: null,
+    blueprintRegionId: null,
+    blueprintAccessRules: null,
+    blueprintRules: null,
+  };
+}
+
+async function loadQuestionScopes(client: pg.PoolClient, tenantId: string, questionIds: string[]) {
+  if (!questionIds.length) return [];
+  const result = await client.query<QuestionScopeRow>(
+    `
+    select q.id,
+           coalesce(qb.region_id, s.region_id) as "regionId",
+           q.subject_id as "subjectId",
+           q.question_bank_id as "questionBankId",
+           q.content_node_id as "contentNodeId",
+           q.primary_collection_id as "primaryCollectionId"
+    from public.questions q
+    left join public.subjects s on s.tenant_id = q.tenant_id and s.id = q.subject_id
+    left join public.question_banks qb on qb.tenant_id = q.tenant_id and qb.id = q.question_bank_id
+    where q.tenant_id = $1 and q.id = any($2::uuid[])
+    `,
+    [tenantId, questionIds],
+  );
+  const order = new Map(questionIds.map((id, index) => [id, index]));
+  return result.rows.sort((left, right) => (order.get(left.id) ?? 0) - (order.get(right.id) ?? 0));
+}
+
+async function loadActiveEntitlements(client: pg.PoolClient, tenantId: string, userId: string) {
+  const result = await client.query<EntitlementRow>(
+    `
+    select id, scope_type as "scopeType", scope_id as "scopeId", expires_at as "expiresAt"
+    from public.entitlements
+    where tenant_id = $1
+      and user_id = $2
+      and entitlement_type = 'svip'
+      and status = 'active'
+      and starts_at <= now()
+      and (expires_at is null or expires_at > now())
+    order by case scope_type
+      when 'subject' then 0
+      when 'question_bank' then 1
+      when 'region' then 2
+      else 3
+    end, expires_at desc nulls first
+    `,
+    [tenantId, userId],
+  );
+  return result.rows;
+}
+
+async function loadStaffMembership(client: pg.PoolClient, tenantId: string, userId: string) {
+  const result = await client.query<StaffRow>(
+    `
+    select id, role
+    from public.tenant_memberships
+    where tenant_id = $1
+      and user_id = $2
+      and status = 'active'
+      and role in ('tenant_owner', 'tenant_admin', 'tenant_operator', 'teacher')
+    order by case role
+      when 'tenant_owner' then 0
+      when 'tenant_admin' then 1
+      when 'tenant_operator' then 2
+      else 3
+    end
+    limit 1
+    `,
+    [tenantId, userId],
+  );
+  return result.rows[0] || null;
+}
+
+async function consumeDailyFreeQuota(client: pg.PoolClient, input: {
+  tenantId: string;
+  userId: string;
+  requestedCount: number;
+  dailyLimit: number;
+  scopeType: string;
+  scopeId: string | null;
+  metadata: JsonObject;
+}) {
+  if (input.dailyLimit <= 0) return { grantedCount: 0, consumedFreeQuota: 0, remainingBefore: 0, remainingAfter: 0 };
+
+  const usage = await client.query<{ used_count: number }>(
+    `
+    insert into public.practice_daily_usage (
+      tenant_id, user_id, usage_date, scope_type, scope_id, free_limit, used_count, metadata
+    )
+    values ($1, $2, current_date, $3, $4::uuid, $5, 0, $6::jsonb)
+    on conflict (tenant_id, user_id, usage_date, scope_type, scope_id)
+    do update set free_limit = excluded.free_limit,
+                  metadata = public.practice_daily_usage.metadata || excluded.metadata,
+                  updated_at = now()
+    returning used_count
+    `,
+    [
+      input.tenantId,
+      input.userId,
+      input.scopeType,
+      input.scopeId,
+      input.dailyLimit,
+      JSON.stringify(input.metadata),
+    ],
+  );
+
+  const usedCount = Number(usage.rows[0]?.used_count || 0);
+  const remainingBefore = Math.max(0, input.dailyLimit - usedCount);
+  const grantedCount = Math.min(input.requestedCount, remainingBefore);
+  if (grantedCount > 0) {
+    await client.query(
+      `
+      update public.practice_daily_usage
+      set used_count = used_count + $5,
+          updated_at = now()
+      where tenant_id = $1
+        and user_id = $2
+        and usage_date = current_date
+        and scope_type = $3
+        and (($4::uuid is null and scope_id is null) or scope_id = $4::uuid)
+        and used_count + $5 <= free_limit
+      `,
+      [input.tenantId, input.userId, input.scopeType, input.scopeId, grantedCount],
+    );
+  }
+
+  return {
+    grantedCount,
+    consumedFreeQuota: grantedCount,
+    remainingBefore,
+    remainingAfter: Math.max(0, remainingBefore - grantedCount),
+  };
+}
+
+export async function authorizePracticeSession(client: pg.PoolClient, input: {
+  tenantId: string;
+  userId: string;
+  questionIds: string[];
+  assembly: PracticeAssemblyAccessInput;
+}): Promise<PracticeAccessDecision> {
+  const scope = await loadScope(client, input.tenantId, input.assembly);
+  const questionScopes = await loadQuestionScopes(client, input.tenantId, input.questionIds);
+  const mergedRules = mergeRules(
+    scope.entryAccessRules,
+    scope.nodeMetadata?.accessRules,
+    scope.nodeAccessRules,
+    scope.collectionMetadata?.accessRules,
+    scope.collectionAccessRules,
+    scope.blueprintRules?.accessRules,
+    scope.blueprintAccessRules,
+    input.assembly.rules?.accessRules,
+  );
+  const requiredAccess = resolveAccessMode(scope, input.assembly, mergedRules);
+  const dailyLimit = positiveIntValue(
+    mergedRules.freeDailyLimit ?? mergedRules.dailyFreeLimit ?? mergedRules.freeQuestionLimit,
+    25,
+    500,
+  );
+  const maxFreePerSession = positiveIntValue(
+    mergedRules.freeSessionLimit ?? mergedRules.maxFreePerSession,
+    dailyLimit,
+    dailyLimit,
+  );
+  const candidates = scopeCandidates({
+    tenantId: input.tenantId,
+    mergedRules,
+    scope,
+    questions: questionScopes,
+  });
+  const staff = await loadStaffMembership(client, input.tenantId, input.userId);
+
+  if (staff && boolValue(mergedRules.staffBypass, true)) {
+    return {
+      accessMode: 'staff',
+      entitlementId: null,
+      questionIds: input.questionIds,
+      consumedFreeQuota: 0,
+      accessSnapshot: {
+        requiredAccess,
+        grantedBy: 'staff',
+        staffRole: staff.role,
+        requestedCount: input.questionIds.length,
+        grantedCount: input.questionIds.length,
+        scope: candidates,
+        rules: mergedRules,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  const entitlement = (await loadActiveEntitlements(client, input.tenantId, input.userId))
+    .find(row => hasScopeAccess(row, candidates));
+  if (entitlement) {
+    return {
+      accessMode: 'svip',
+      entitlementId: entitlement.id,
+      questionIds: input.questionIds,
+      consumedFreeQuota: 0,
+      accessSnapshot: {
+        requiredAccess,
+        grantedBy: 'svip',
+        requestedCount: input.questionIds.length,
+        grantedCount: input.questionIds.length,
+        entitlement: {
+          id: entitlement.id,
+          scopeType: entitlement.scopeType,
+          scopeId: entitlement.scopeId,
+          expiresAt: entitlement.expiresAt,
+        },
+        scope: candidates,
+        rules: mergedRules,
+      },
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (requiredAccess === 'svip') {
+    await recordPracticeAccessEvent(client, {
+      tenantId: input.tenantId,
+      userId: input.userId,
+      eventType: 'session_denied',
+      accessMode: 'denied',
+      requestedCount: input.questionIds.length,
+      grantedCount: 0,
+      consumedFreeQuota: 0,
+      reason: 'SVIP_REQUIRED',
+      scopeType: 'tenant',
+      scopeId: null,
+      entitlementId: null,
+      metadata: { requiredAccess, scope: candidates, rules: mergedRules },
+    });
+    throw new HttpError(403, 'SVIP entitlement is required for this practice target', 'PRACTICE_SVIP_REQUIRED');
+  }
+
+  const quotaScopeType = stringValue(mergedRules.freeQuotaScopeType) || 'tenant';
+  const quotaScopeId =
+    quotaScopeType === 'region'
+      ? candidates.regionIds[0] || null
+      : quotaScopeType === 'content_entry'
+        ? input.assembly.entryId
+        : quotaScopeType === 'content_node'
+          ? input.assembly.contentNodeId
+          : quotaScopeType === 'collection'
+            ? input.assembly.collectionId
+            : quotaScopeType === 'blueprint'
+              ? input.assembly.blueprintId
+              : null;
+  const cappedRequestCount = Math.min(input.questionIds.length, maxFreePerSession);
+  const quota = await consumeDailyFreeQuota(client, {
+    tenantId: input.tenantId,
+    userId: input.userId,
+    requestedCount: cappedRequestCount,
+    dailyLimit,
+    scopeType: quotaScopeType,
+    scopeId: quotaScopeId,
+    metadata: {
+      source: 'practice_session',
+      mode: input.assembly.mode,
+      blueprintId: input.assembly.blueprintId,
+      collectionId: input.assembly.collectionId,
+      entryId: input.assembly.entryId,
+      contentNodeId: input.assembly.contentNodeId,
+    },
+  });
+
+  if (quota.grantedCount <= 0) {
+    await recordPracticeAccessEvent(client, {
+      tenantId: input.tenantId,
+      userId: input.userId,
+      eventType: 'session_denied',
+      accessMode: 'denied',
+      requestedCount: input.questionIds.length,
+      grantedCount: 0,
+      consumedFreeQuota: 0,
+      reason: 'FREE_DAILY_LIMIT_REACHED',
+      scopeType: quotaScopeType,
+      scopeId: quotaScopeId,
+      entitlementId: null,
+      metadata: { requiredAccess, dailyLimit, scope: candidates, rules: mergedRules, quota },
+    });
+    throw new HttpError(403, 'Daily free practice quota is used up', 'PRACTICE_FREE_LIMIT_REACHED');
+  }
+
+  const grantedQuestionIds = input.questionIds.slice(0, quota.grantedCount);
+  return {
+    accessMode: 'free',
+    entitlementId: null,
+    questionIds: grantedQuestionIds,
+    consumedFreeQuota: quota.consumedFreeQuota,
+    accessSnapshot: {
+      requiredAccess,
+      grantedBy: 'free_quota',
+      requestedCount: input.questionIds.length,
+      grantedCount: grantedQuestionIds.length,
+      truncated: grantedQuestionIds.length < input.questionIds.length,
+      dailyLimit,
+      maxFreePerSession,
+      quotaScopeType,
+      quotaScopeId,
+      quota,
+      scope: candidates,
+      rules: mergedRules,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export async function recordPracticeAccessEvent(client: pg.PoolClient, input: {
+  tenantId: string;
+  userId: string | null;
+  practiceSessionId?: string | null;
+  eventType: 'session_created' | 'session_denied' | 'quota_consumed';
+  accessMode: 'free' | 'svip' | 'staff' | 'denied';
+  requestedCount: number;
+  grantedCount: number;
+  consumedFreeQuota: number;
+  reason?: string | null;
+  scopeType?: string | null;
+  scopeId?: string | null;
+  entitlementId?: string | null;
+  metadata?: JsonObject;
+}) {
+  await client.query(
+    `
+    insert into public.practice_access_events (
+      tenant_id, user_id, practice_session_id, event_type, access_mode,
+      requested_count, granted_count, consumed_free_quota, reason,
+      scope_type, scope_id, entitlement_id, metadata
+    )
+    values ($1, $2::uuid, $3::uuid, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10, $11::uuid, $12::uuid, $13::jsonb)
+    `,
+    [
+      input.tenantId,
+      input.userId,
+      input.practiceSessionId || null,
+      input.eventType,
+      input.accessMode,
+      input.requestedCount,
+      input.grantedCount,
+      input.consumedFreeQuota,
+      input.reason || null,
+      input.scopeType || null,
+      input.scopeId || null,
+      input.entitlementId || null,
+      JSON.stringify(input.metadata || {}),
+    ],
+  );
+}
+
+export async function assertAnswerSessionAccess(client: pg.PoolClient, input: {
+  tenantId: string;
+  userId: string;
+  practiceSessionId: string | null;
+  questionId: string;
+}) {
+  if (!input.practiceSessionId) {
+    throw new HttpError(400, 'practiceSessionId is required for answer submission', 'PRACTICE_SESSION_REQUIRED');
+  }
+  const result = await client.query<{ id: string }>(
+    `
+    select id
+    from public.practice_sessions
+    where tenant_id = $1
+      and user_id = $2
+      and id = $3
+      and finished_at is null
+      and (expires_at is null or expires_at > now())
+      and question_ids ? $4
+    limit 1
+    `,
+    [input.tenantId, input.userId, input.practiceSessionId, input.questionId],
+  );
+  if (!result.rows[0]) {
+    throw new HttpError(403, 'Question is not available in the active practice session', 'PRACTICE_SESSION_QUESTION_FORBIDDEN');
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/api/src/features/learning/routes.ts b/apps/api/src/features/learning/routes.ts
index 7738c08c..e155f616 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/features/learning/routes.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/features/learning/routes.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   userIdFrom,
 } from '../../core/request.js';
 import { query, queryOne, transaction } from '../../core/db.js';
+import { assertAnswerSessionAccess, authorizePracticeSession, recordPracticeAccessEvent } from './access.js';
 
 interface QuestionAnswerRow {
   question_id: string;
@@ -351,53 +352,86 @@ export async function createPracticeSessionRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
     throw new HttpError(409, 'No published questions are available for this practice target', 'NO_PRACTICE_QUESTIONS');
   }
 
-  const item = await queryOne(
-    `
-    insert into public.practice_sessions (
-      tenant_id, user_id, mode, target_type, target_id,
-      blueprint_id, collection_id, entry_id, content_node_id,
-      question_ids, question_count, duration_minutes, total_score,
-      expires_at, metadata
-    )
-    values (
-      $1, $2, $3, $4, $5,
-      $6::uuid, $7::uuid, $8::uuid, $9::uuid,
-      $10::jsonb, $11, $12, $13,
-      case when $12::integer is null then null else now() + make_interval(mins => $12::integer) end,
-      $14::jsonb
-    )
-    returning id, tenant_id as "tenantId", user_id as "userId", mode,
-              target_type as "targetType", target_id as "targetId",
-              blueprint_id as "blueprintId", collection_id as "collectionId",
-              entry_id as "entryId", content_node_id as "contentNodeId",
-              question_ids as "questionIds", question_count as "questionCount",
-              duration_minutes as "durationMinutes", total_score as "totalScore",
-              expires_at as "expiresAt", started_at as "startedAt",
-              finished_at as "finishedAt", metadata
-    `,
-    [
+  const item = await transaction(async client => {
+    const access = await authorizePracticeSession(client, {
       tenantId,
       userId,
-      assembly.mode,
-      assembly.targetType,
-      assembly.targetId,
-      assembly.blueprintId,
-      assembly.collectionId,
-      assembly.entryId,
-      assembly.contentNodeId,
-      JSON.stringify(questionIds),
-      questionIds.length,
-      assembly.durationMinutes,
-      assembly.totalScore,
-      JSON.stringify({
-        ...(body.metadata && typeof body.metadata === 'object' && !Array.isArray(body.metadata) ? body.metadata : {}),
-        assembly: {
-          sections: assembly.sections,
-          rules: assembly.rules,
-        },
-      }),
-    ],
-  );
+      questionIds,
+      assembly,
+    });
+    const sessionResult = await client.query(
+      `
+      insert into public.practice_sessions (
+        tenant_id, user_id, mode, target_type, target_id,
+        blueprint_id, collection_id, entry_id, content_node_id,
+        question_ids, question_count, duration_minutes, total_score,
+        access_mode, access_entitlement_id, consumed_free_quota, access_snapshot,
+        expires_at, metadata
+      )
+      values (
+        $1, $2, $3, $4, $5::uuid,
+        $6::uuid, $7::uuid, $8::uuid, $9::uuid,
+        $10::jsonb, $11, $12, $13,
+        $14, $15::uuid, $16, $17::jsonb,
+        case when $12::integer is null then null else now() + make_interval(mins => $12::integer) end,
+        $18::jsonb
+      )
+      returning id, tenant_id as "tenantId", user_id as "userId", mode,
+                target_type as "targetType", target_id as "targetId",
+                blueprint_id as "blueprintId", collection_id as "collectionId",
+                entry_id as "entryId", content_node_id as "contentNodeId",
+                question_ids as "questionIds", question_count as "questionCount",
+                duration_minutes as "durationMinutes", total_score as "totalScore",
+                access_mode as "accessMode", access_entitlement_id as "accessEntitlementId",
+                consumed_free_quota as "consumedFreeQuota", access_snapshot as "accessSnapshot",
+                expires_at as "expiresAt", started_at as "startedAt",
+                finished_at as "finishedAt", metadata
+      `,
+      [
+        tenantId,
+        userId,
+        assembly.mode,
+        assembly.targetType,
+        assembly.targetId,
+        assembly.blueprintId,
+        assembly.collectionId,
+        assembly.entryId,
+        assembly.contentNodeId,
+        JSON.stringify(access.questionIds),
+        access.questionIds.length,
+        assembly.durationMinutes,
+        assembly.totalScore,
+        access.accessMode,
+        access.entitlementId,
+        access.consumedFreeQuota,
+        JSON.stringify(access.accessSnapshot),
+        JSON.stringify({
+          ...(body.metadata && typeof body.metadata === 'object' && !Array.isArray(body.metadata) ? body.metadata : {}),
+          assembly: {
+            sections: assembly.sections,
+            rules: assembly.rules,
+          },
+        }),
+      ],
+    );
+
+    await recordPracticeAccessEvent(client, {
+      tenantId,
+      userId,
+      practiceSessionId: sessionResult.rows[0].id,
+      eventType: 'session_created',
+      accessMode: access.accessMode,
+      requestedCount: questionIds.length,
+      grantedCount: access.questionIds.length,
+      consumedFreeQuota: access.consumedFreeQuota,
+      scopeType: access.accessSnapshot.quotaScopeType as string | undefined,
+      scopeId: access.accessSnapshot.quotaScopeId as string | undefined,
+      entitlementId: access.entitlementId,
+      metadata: access.accessSnapshot,
+    });
+
+    return sessionResult.rows[0];
+  });
 
   return { item };
 }
@@ -430,6 +464,8 @@ export async function submitAnswerRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
   const judged = judgeAnswer(question, selectedOptions, answerText);
 
   const result = await transaction(async client => {
+    await assertAnswerSessionAccess(client, { tenantId, userId, practiceSessionId, questionId });
+
     const answerResult = await client.query(
       `
       insert into public.answer_records (
diff --git a/apps/api/src/features/tenant-content/navigation.ts b/apps/api/src/features/tenant-content/navigation.ts
index 39d53238..fbddb4a9 100644
--- a/apps/api/src/features/tenant-content/navigation.ts
+++ b/apps/api/src/features/tenant-content/navigation.ts
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ export async function contentNodesAdminRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
            marker_type as "markerType", marker_config as "markerConfig",
            path::text as path, depth, sort_order as "order",
            is_active as "isActive", is_selectable as "isSelectable",
-           is_leaf as "isLeaf", metadata, created_by as "createdBy",
+           is_leaf as "isLeaf", access_rules as "accessRules", metadata, created_by as "createdBy",
            updated_by as "updatedBy", created_at as "createdAt",
            updated_at as "updatedAt"
     from public.content_nodes
@@ -299,12 +299,12 @@ export async function upsertContentNodeRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
       insert into public.content_nodes (
         id, tenant_id, entry_id, region_id, parent_id, legacy_id, node_key,
         name, node_type, marker_type, marker_config, path, depth, sort_order,
-        is_active, is_selectable, is_leaf, metadata, created_by, updated_by
+        is_active, is_selectable, is_leaf, access_rules, metadata, created_by, updated_by
       )
       values (
         $1, $2, $3, $4::uuid, $5::uuid, $6, $7,
         $8, $9, $10, $11::jsonb, $12::ltree, $13, $14,
-        $15, $16, $17, $18::jsonb, $19, $19
+        $15, $16, $17, $18::jsonb, $19::jsonb, $20, $20
       )
       on conflict (id)
       do update set entry_id = excluded.entry_id,
@@ -322,6 +322,7 @@ export async function upsertContentNodeRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
                     is_active = excluded.is_active,
                     is_selectable = excluded.is_selectable,
                     is_leaf = excluded.is_leaf,
+                    access_rules = excluded.access_rules,
                     metadata = excluded.metadata,
                     updated_by = excluded.updated_by,
                     updated_at = now()
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ export async function upsertContentNodeRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
                 marker_type as "markerType", marker_config as "markerConfig",
                 path::text as path, depth, sort_order as "order",
                 is_active as "isActive", is_selectable as "isSelectable",
-                is_leaf as "isLeaf", metadata, created_at as "createdAt",
+                is_leaf as "isLeaf", access_rules as "accessRules", metadata, created_at as "createdAt",
                 updated_at as "updatedAt"
       `,
       [
@@ -353,6 +354,7 @@ export async function upsertContentNodeRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
         boolValue(body.isActive, true),
         boolValue(body.isSelectable, true),
         boolValue(body.isLeaf, false),
+        jsonObjectValue(body.accessRules),
         jsonObjectValue(body.metadata),
         auth.userId,
       ],
@@ -418,7 +420,7 @@ export async function questionCollectionsAdminRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
            legacy_id as "legacyId", name, collection_type as "collectionType",
            source_type as "sourceType", filters, question_count as "questionCount",
            total_score as "totalScore", duration_minutes as "durationMinutes",
-           status, sort_order as "order", metadata,
+           status, sort_order as "order", access_rules as "accessRules", metadata,
            created_by as "createdBy", updated_by as "updatedBy",
            created_at as "createdAt", updated_at as "updatedAt"
     from public.question_collections
@@ -526,13 +528,13 @@ export async function upsertQuestionCollectionRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
         id, tenant_id, region_id, entry_id, node_id, subject_id,
         category_id, question_bank_id, legacy_id, name, collection_type,
         source_type, filters, question_count, total_score, duration_minutes,
-        status, sort_order, metadata, created_by, updated_by
+        status, sort_order, access_rules, metadata, created_by, updated_by
       )
       values (
         coalesce($1::uuid, gen_random_uuid()), $2, $3::uuid, $4::uuid, $5::uuid, $6::uuid,
         $7::uuid, $8::uuid, $9, $10, $11,
         $12, $13::jsonb, $14, $15, $16,
-        $17, $18, $19::jsonb, $20, $20
+        $17, $18, $19::jsonb, $20::jsonb, $21, $21
       )
       on conflict (id)
       do update set region_id = excluded.region_id,
@@ -551,6 +553,7 @@ export async function upsertQuestionCollectionRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
                     duration_minutes = excluded.duration_minutes,
                     status = excluded.status,
                     sort_order = excluded.sort_order,
+                    access_rules = excluded.access_rules,
                     metadata = excluded.metadata,
                     updated_by = excluded.updated_by,
                     updated_at = now()
@@ -561,7 +564,7 @@ export async function upsertQuestionCollectionRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
                 legacy_id as "legacyId", name, collection_type as "collectionType",
                 source_type as "sourceType", filters, question_count as "questionCount",
                 total_score as "totalScore", duration_minutes as "durationMinutes",
-                status, sort_order as "order", metadata,
+                status, sort_order as "order", access_rules as "accessRules", metadata,
                 created_at as "createdAt", updated_at as "updatedAt"
       `,
       [
@@ -583,6 +586,7 @@ export async function upsertQuestionCollectionRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
         body.durationMinutes === undefined ? null : intValue(body.durationMinutes, 0),
         status,
         intValue(body.order, 0),
+        jsonObjectValue(body.accessRules),
         jsonObjectValue(body.metadata),
         auth.userId,
       ],
@@ -647,7 +651,7 @@ export async function practiceBlueprintsAdminRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
            legacy_id as "legacyId", name, mode,
            assembly_type as "assemblyType", question_limit as "questionLimit",
            duration_minutes as "durationMinutes", total_score as "totalScore",
-           pass_score as "passScore", sections, rules, status,
+           pass_score as "passScore", sections, rules, access_rules as "accessRules", status,
            sort_order as "order", created_by as "createdBy",
            updated_by as "updatedBy", created_at as "createdAt",
            updated_at as "updatedAt"
@@ -686,13 +690,13 @@ export async function upsertPracticeBlueprintRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
         id, tenant_id, region_id, entry_id, node_id, collection_id,
         legacy_id, name, mode, assembly_type, question_limit,
         duration_minutes, total_score, pass_score, sections, rules,
-        status, sort_order, created_by, updated_by
+        access_rules, status, sort_order, created_by, updated_by
       )
       values (
         coalesce($1::uuid, gen_random_uuid()), $2, $3::uuid, $4::uuid, $5::uuid, $6::uuid,
         $7, $8, $9, $10, $11,
         $12, $13, $14, $15::jsonb, $16::jsonb,
-        $17, $18, $19, $19
+        $17::jsonb, $18, $19, $20, $20
       )
       on conflict (id)
       do update set region_id = excluded.region_id,
@@ -709,6 +713,7 @@ export async function upsertPracticeBlueprintRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
                     pass_score = excluded.pass_score,
                     sections = excluded.sections,
                     rules = excluded.rules,
+                    access_rules = excluded.access_rules,
                     status = excluded.status,
                     sort_order = excluded.sort_order,
                     updated_by = excluded.updated_by,
@@ -719,7 +724,7 @@ export async function upsertPracticeBlueprintRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
                 legacy_id as "legacyId", name, mode,
                 assembly_type as "assemblyType", question_limit as "questionLimit",
                 duration_minutes as "durationMinutes", total_score as "totalScore",
-                pass_score as "passScore", sections, rules, status,
+                pass_score as "passScore", sections, rules, access_rules as "accessRules", status,
                 sort_order as "order", created_at as "createdAt",
                 updated_at as "updatedAt"
       `,
@@ -740,6 +745,7 @@ export async function upsertPracticeBlueprintRoute(ctx: RequestContext) {
         body.passScore === undefined || body.passScore === null ? null : Number(body.passScore),
         jsonArrayValue(body.sections),
         jsonObjectValue(body.rules),
+        jsonObjectValue(body.accessRules),
         status,
         intValue(body.order, 0),
         auth.userId,
diff --git a/docs/refactor/backend-capability-status.md b/docs/refactor/backend-capability-status.md
index 18d812cf..f1a4e051 100644
--- a/docs/refactor/backend-capability-status.md
+++ b/docs/refactor/backend-capability-status.md
@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@
 | 任意深度分类树 | 可联调 | `/api/catalog/content-nodes` |
 | 题目列表/集合 | 可联调 | `/api/catalog/question-collections`、`question-collections/questions` |
 | 顺序/随机/全真模拟规则 | 可联调 | `/api/catalog/practice-blueprints` |
-| 创建练习 session | 可联调 | `POST /api/learning/practice-sessions` |
-| 答题记录 | 可联调 | `POST /api/learning/answers` |
+| 创建练习 session | 可联调 | `POST /api/learning/practice-sessions`；后端强制校验免费额度、SVIP 范围和内容访问规则 |
+| 答题记录 | 可联调 | `POST /api/learning/answers`；题目必须属于本人有效 session 快照 |
 | 错题本 | 可联调 | `/api/learning/wrong-questions` |
 | 收藏夹 | 可联调 | `/api/learning/favorites/questions` |
-| 免费用户题量限制 | 待补齐 | 旧项目有保护逻辑，新后端需按租户/套餐/内容范围实现 |
+| 免费用户题量限制 | 可联调 | `practice_daily_usage` + `practice_access_events`；支持内容 accessRules、每日额度、session 截断、SVIP-only 拦截 |
 | 模考交卷报告 | 待补齐 | 已有 session/answer 基础，缺完整交卷、评分报告、错题解析汇总 |
 
 ## 背单词、知识手册、分数线、视频
diff --git a/docs/refactor/backend-progress.md b/docs/refactor/backend-progress.md
index b5d75f67..23a99620 100644
--- a/docs/refactor/backend-progress.md
+++ b/docs/refactor/backend-progress.md
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
   - `tenant-admin`：租户资料、品牌、公开设置、域名、支付账户、登录 provider、私密密钥掩码、活动内容、激活码批次、优惠券、成员管理、权限矩阵、审计查询。
   - `tenant-content`：租户后台内容入口、任意深度分类树、考试意向标记、题目集合、练习蓝图、题目、视频、分数线、单词、知识手册、资料资源、题目/单词/知识手册 JSON 导入维护。
   - `tenant`：域名/租户解析。
+- `learning` 已接入商用访问控制：免费用户每日题量、SVIP 范围、SVIP-only 内容、答题 session 快照保护由后端强制执行。
 - `src/services/supabaseApi.ts` 已加入新 API 客户端方法，供旧 Web 逐步替换和后续 Taro 复用。
 - 已新增 `npm run db:smoke-seed`，用于 `supabase:reset` 后恢复最小烟测数据。
 - 已新增 `npm run smoke:core-api`，用于验证个人中心、分数线、题目视频、背单词进度/收藏等学生端核心 API。
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ GET  /api/tenant-admin/audit-logs
 - CRM 当前完成配置、密钥入私密表、客资入队和队列查询；真实 webhook 发送、重试、签名在后续 `apps/worker` 中实现。
 - 内容资源当前完成台账、租户后台维护、学生端 SVIP 下载权限，以及 `local_dev`、阿里云 OSS、腾讯 COS、Supabase Storage 的上传/下载签名 provider。真实对象存在性校验、PDF 预览渲染、防盗链、水印和大文件上传后 worker 校验仍需继续补。
 - 题库内容导航当前以 `content_entries/content_nodes` 为主模型，可表达“入口 -> 多级分类 -> 院校/专业/学科/销售意向标记”；题目集合和练习方式由 `question_collections/practice_blueprints` 管理，练习 session 会保存当次题目 ID 快照。
+- 练习访问控制由 `content_entries/content_nodes/question_collections/practice_blueprints` 的 `accessRules` 合并决定；普通用户消耗 `practice_daily_usage`，事件写入 `practice_access_events`，SVIP/staff 不消耗免费额度。
 - 批量导入当前支持题目、单词、知识手册 JSON 预览、逐行 issue、job/item 台账、执行导入、幂等跳过，并可落到新内容入口和分类节点。旧单词模板的 `vocabulary_units_示例数据` / `vocabulary_示例数据`、知识手册的书籍/章节/小节/知识点嵌套结构都由后端规范化。Excel/CSV、分数线/视频导入会继续复用同一套 `content_import_jobs` 管线。
 
 ## 下一步
diff --git a/docs/refactor/legacy-feature-gap-matrix.md b/docs/refactor/legacy-feature-gap-matrix.md
index b22d01f2..63034519 100644
--- a/docs/refactor/legacy-feature-gap-matrix.md
+++ b/docs/refactor/legacy-feature-gap-matrix.md
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 | 首页/学生看板 | `pages/StudentDashboardNew.tsx` | 部分覆盖 | 品牌、Banner、公告、入口、个人统计有基础；缺完整运营动态/学习任务聚合 |
 | 题库入口 | `pages/SubjectSelector.tsx`、`RegionArchitectureEditor.tsx` | 已覆盖 | 前端应改接 `content_entries/content_nodes` |
 | 多级分类树 | 旧 module/subject/category 树 | 已覆盖 | 新后端支持任意深度和 `marker_type`；前端不要写死层级 |
-| 顺序刷题 | `pages/Quiz.tsx` | 已覆盖 | 继续补题量限制、断点续练、更多题型渲染 |
-| 随机刷题 | `pages/Quiz.tsx` | 已覆盖 | 已有 blueprint/session 快照，前端需按 mode 调用 |
+| 顺序刷题 | `pages/Quiz.tsx` | 已覆盖 | 免费额度/SVIP 校验已由后端强制；继续补断点续练、更多题型渲染 |
+| 随机刷题 | `pages/Quiz.tsx` | 已覆盖 | 已有 blueprint/session 快照和访问控制，前端需按 mode 调用 |
 | 全真模拟 | `components/AdminMockexam`、`MockExamConfigModal.tsx` | 部分覆盖 | 后端有 blueprint 基础；缺完整交卷报告、排名、复盘 |
 | 错题本 | 用户 stats/错题逻辑 | 已覆盖 | 后续补错题复习计划 |
 | 收藏夹 | `WordFavoritesPage.tsx`、题目收藏 | 已覆盖 | 题目和单词收藏已有 |
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 | 商户收款配置 | 部分覆盖 | 配置 API 有；缺真实支付 provider 和验签 |
 | 登录配置 | 部分覆盖 | 配置 API 有；缺真实短信/OAuth provider 实现 |
 | Banner/公告/FAQ/活动 | 已覆盖 | 前端运营后台可以接 |
-| SVIP 套餐 | 已覆盖 | 后续补地区/分类/专业增项限制规则 |
+| SVIP 套餐 | 部分覆盖 | 地区/科目/题库范围校验已接入练习/资料/视频；后续补分类/专业增项购买和套餐规则 UI |
 | 优惠券 | 部分覆盖 | 后台配置有；前台兑换、下单抵扣待补 |
 | 激活码 | 已覆盖 | 批次、生成、兑换主链路已有 |
 | 勋章管理 | 部分覆盖 | 表结构有 badges/user_badges；缺后台和学生端 API |
diff --git a/docs/refactor/next-development-todo.md b/docs/refactor/next-development-todo.md
index dc789ed2..22e4a6ff 100644
--- a/docs/refactor/next-development-todo.md
+++ b/docs/refactor/next-development-todo.md
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 - 销售/代理/CRM 增长链路：邀请码、扫码事件、首绑保护、团队、统计、CRM 队列。
 - 内容导航：`content_entries/content_nodes` 支持任意深度入口和分类。
 - 练习组卷：`question_collections/practice_blueprints` 支持顺序、随机、全真模拟快照。
+- 练习访问控制：`practice_daily_usage/practice_access_events` 支持免费每日额度、SVIP 范围校验、SVIP-only 内容拦截和答题 session 快照保护。
 - 内容导入：题目、单词、知识手册 JSON 预览、校验、导入、幂等、审计。
 - 本地验证：`npm run check:refactor` 已通过。
 
@@ -76,7 +77,8 @@
    - 单题视频和通用知识视频混合推荐。
 
 6. 学习统计
-   - 练习历史、正确率趋势、题型分布、错题复习计划。
+   - 已完成免费额度和练习访问事件基础。
+   - 继续补练习历史、正确率趋势、题型分布、错题复习计划。
    - 单词复习算法、每日计划、排行榜。
    - 模考交卷、评分报告、错题解析汇总。
 
diff --git a/docs/refactor/taro-frontend-integration.md b/docs/refactor/taro-frontend-integration.md
index 6f947359..e317c5bf 100644
--- a/docs/refactor/taro-frontend-integration.md
+++ b/docs/refactor/taro-frontend-integration.md
@@ -152,6 +152,51 @@ tenant:<tenantId>:theme
 | 个人中心 | `GET/PATCH /api/profile/me` |
 | 销售分享 | `/api/referral/resolve`、`track-event`、`bind` |
 
+## 练习访问控制契约
+
+前端不要先拉完整题目列表再自行判断免费额度。用户点击顺序刷题、随机刷题、全真模拟时，统一调用 `POST /api/learning/practice-sessions`，后端会根据 `content_entries.accessRules`、`content_nodes.accessRules`、`question_collections.accessRules`、`practice_blueprints.accessRules` 和当前用户权益决定最终题目快照。
+
+请求示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "mode": "sequential",
+  "collectionId": "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000615",
+  "questionLimit": 50
+}
+```
+
+响应关键字段：
+
+```json
+{
+  "item": {
+    "id": "...",
+    "mode": "sequential",
+    "questionIds": ["..."],
+    "questionCount": 25,
+    "accessMode": "free",
+    "consumedFreeQuota": 25,
+    "accessSnapshot": {
+      "grantedBy": "free_quota",
+      "requestedCount": 50,
+      "grantedCount": 25,
+      "truncated": true,
+      "dailyLimit": 25
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+前端处理规则：
+
+- 以返回的 `questionIds` 为准渲染本次练习，不要自行追加题目。
+- `accessSnapshot.truncated=true` 时，可提示“今日免费额度有限，已为你开放 N 题”并引导开通 SVIP。
+- `PRACTICE_FREE_LIMIT_REACHED`：弹出会员购买/激活码兑换入口。
+- `PRACTICE_SVIP_REQUIRED`：提示该内容需要对应地区/科目/题库 SVIP。
+- `PRACTICE_SESSION_QUESTION_FORBIDDEN`：说明提交答案的题目不在本次 session 快照内，应清理本地异常进度并重新开始。
+- 提交答案必须传 `practiceSessionId`；后端会拒绝不属于本人有效 session 的题目。
+
 ## 视频播放契约
 
 题目视频分为 `free`、`svip`、`video_quota` 三种访问模式。列表接口只用于展示标题、封面、时长、访问模式和试看秒数；除免费公开视频外，列表和搜索接口不会返回可播放 URL。
diff --git a/scripts/api-integration-test.js b/scripts/api-integration-test.js
index 1617dcf1..92a9fc47 100644
--- a/scripts/api-integration-test.js
+++ b/scripts/api-integration-test.js
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ const ids = {
   practiceBlueprintRandom: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000617',
   practiceBlueprintMock: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000618',
   question: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000401',
+  questionTwo: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000403',
+  questionThree: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000405',
   vocabularyUnit: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000811',
   vocabularyWord: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000812',
   video: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000821',
@@ -565,28 +567,80 @@ async function testCatalogAndLearning() {
   });
   assert.ok(questionsByNode.items?.some(item => item.id === ids.question), 'catalog questions should filter by contentNodeId');
 
-  const session = await request('/api/learning/practice-sessions', {
-    method: 'POST',
-    body: { userId: USER_ID, mode: 'chapter', targetType: 'category', targetId: ids.question },
-  });
-  assert.ok(session.item?.id, 'practice session should be created');
-
-  const sequentialSession = await request('/api/learning/practice-sessions', {
+  const freeLogin = await loginBySms('13800000008');
+  const freeSession = await request('/api/learning/practice-sessions', {
+    userId: false,
+    headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${freeLogin.session.token}` },
     method: 'POST',
     body: {
-      userId: USER_ID,
       mode: 'sequential',
       collectionId: ids.questionCollection,
       questionLimit: 5,
     },
   });
-  assert.equal(sequentialSession.item?.collectionId, ids.questionCollection, 'collection session should bind collection');
-  assert.ok(sequentialSession.item?.questionIds?.includes(ids.question), 'collection session should snapshot question ids');
+  assert.equal(freeSession.item?.collectionId, ids.questionCollection, 'collection session should bind collection');
+  assert.equal(freeSession.item?.accessMode, 'free', 'non-SVIP user should use free quota');
+  assert.equal(freeSession.item?.consumedFreeQuota, 2, 'free practice should consume configured daily quota');
+  assert.equal(freeSession.item?.questionCount, 2, 'free practice should be truncated to configured free limit');
+  assert.equal(freeSession.item?.accessSnapshot?.truncated, true, 'free practice access snapshot should mark truncation');
+  assert.ok(freeSession.item?.questionIds?.includes(ids.question), 'free session should snapshot first question');
 
-  const nodeSession = await request('/api/learning/practice-sessions', {
+  const freeLimitReached = await request('/api/learning/practice-sessions', {
+    userId: false,
+    headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${freeLogin.session.token}` },
     method: 'POST',
     body: {
-      userId: USER_ID,
+      mode: 'sequential',
+      collectionId: ids.questionCollection,
+      questionLimit: 5,
+    },
+    expectStatus: 403,
+  });
+  assert.equal(freeLimitReached.code, 'PRACTICE_FREE_LIMIT_REACHED', 'second free session should be blocked after quota is exhausted');
+
+  const forbiddenAnswer = await request('/api/learning/answers', {
+    userId: false,
+    headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${freeLogin.session.token}` },
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: {
+      questionId: ids.questionThree,
+      selectedOptions: ['1'],
+      practiceSessionId: freeSession.item.id,
+    },
+    expectStatus: 403,
+  });
+  assert.equal(forbiddenAnswer.code, 'PRACTICE_SESSION_QUESTION_FORBIDDEN', 'answers outside the session snapshot should be rejected');
+
+  const answer = await request('/api/learning/answers', {
+    userId: false,
+    headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${freeLogin.session.token}` },
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: {
+      questionId: ids.question,
+      selectedOptions: ['0'],
+      practiceSessionId: freeSession.item.id,
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(answer.item?.isCorrect, false, 'wrong answer should be judged false');
+
+  const staffSequentialSession = await request('/api/learning/practice-sessions', {
+    userId: TENANT_ADMIN_USER_ID,
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: {
+      userId: TENANT_ADMIN_USER_ID,
+      mode: 'sequential',
+      collectionId: ids.questionCollection,
+      questionLimit: 5,
+    },
+  });
+  assert.equal(staffSequentialSession.item?.accessMode, 'staff', 'tenant staff should bypass free practice quota');
+  assert.ok(staffSequentialSession.item?.questionIds?.includes(ids.questionThree), 'staff session should receive the full collection');
+
+  const nodeSession = await request('/api/learning/practice-sessions', {
+    userId: TENANT_ADMIN_USER_ID,
+    method: 'POST',
+    body: {
+      userId: TENANT_ADMIN_USER_ID,
       mode: 'random',
       contentNodeId: ids.contentNodeProfessional,
       questionLimit: 5,
@@ -596,9 +650,10 @@ async function testCatalogAndLearning() {
   assert.ok(nodeSession.item?.questionIds?.includes(ids.question), 'node session should include descendant questions');
 
   const mockSession = await request('/api/learning/practice-sessions', {
+    userId: TENANT_ADMIN_USER_ID,
     method: 'POST',
     body: {
-      userId: USER_ID,
+      userId: TENANT_ADMIN_USER_ID,
       blueprintId: ids.practiceBlueprintMock,
     },
   });
@@ -608,18 +663,11 @@ async function testCatalogAndLearning() {
   assert.equal(Number(mockSession.item?.totalScore), 100, 'mock session should inherit total score');
   assert.ok(mockSession.item?.questionIds?.includes(ids.question), 'mock session should snapshot assembled questions');
 
-  const answer = await request('/api/learning/answers', {
-    method: 'POST',
-    body: {
-      userId: USER_ID,
-      questionId: ids.question,
-      selectedOptions: ['0'],
-      practiceSessionId: session.item.id,
-    },
+  const wrong = await request('/api/learning/wrong-questions', {
+    userId: false,
+    headers: { authorization: `Bearer ${freeLogin.session.token}` },
+    query: { status: 'all' },
   });
-  assert.equal(answer.item?.isCorrect, false, 'wrong answer should be judged false');
-
-  const wrong = await request('/api/learning/wrong-questions', { query: { status: 'all' } });
   assert.ok(wrong.items?.some(item => item.questionId === ids.question), 'wrong book should include smoke question');
 }
 
diff --git a/scripts/smoke-seed.js b/scripts/smoke-seed.js
index 484cb301..fdde2505 100644
--- a/scripts/smoke-seed.js
+++ b/scripts/smoke-seed.js
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ const ids = {
   questionBank: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000400',
   question: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000401',
   questionVersion: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000402',
+  questionTwo: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000403',
+  questionTwoVersion: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000404',
+  questionThree: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000405',
+  questionThreeVersion: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000406',
   plan: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000201',
   order: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000701',
   payment: '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000702',
@@ -73,6 +77,97 @@ async function main() {
       [tenantId, ids.user, ids.tenantOperatorUser, ids.tenantSalesUser, ids.tenantAgentUser],
     );
 
+    await client.query(
+      `
+      with transient_users as (
+        select u.id
+        from public.platform_users u
+        where u.phone in ('13800000006', '13800000007', '13800000008')
+      )
+      delete from public.practice_access_events
+      where tenant_id = $1
+        and user_id in (select id from transient_users)
+      `,
+      [tenantId],
+    );
+
+    await client.query(
+      `
+      with transient_users as (
+        select u.id
+        from public.platform_users u
+        where u.phone in ('13800000006', '13800000007', '13800000008')
+      )
+      delete from public.practice_daily_usage
+      where tenant_id = $1
+        and user_id in (select id from transient_users)
+      `,
+      [tenantId],
+    );
+
+    await client.query(
+      `
+      with transient_users as (
+        select u.id
+        from public.platform_users u
+        where u.phone in ('13800000006', '13800000007', '13800000008')
+      )
+      delete from public.answer_records
+      where tenant_id = $1
+        and user_id in (select id from transient_users)
+      `,
+      [tenantId],
+    );
+
+    await client.query(
+      `
+      with transient_users as (
+        select u.id
+        from public.platform_users u
+        where u.phone in ('13800000006', '13800000007', '13800000008')
+      )
+      delete from public.practice_sessions
+      where tenant_id = $1
+        and user_id in (select id from transient_users)
+      `,
+      [tenantId],
+    );
+
+    await client.query(
+      `
+      with transient_users as (
+        select u.id
+        from public.platform_users u
+        where u.phone in ('13800000006', '13800000007', '13800000008')
+      )
+      delete from app_private.auth_sessions
+      where tenant_id = $1
+        and user_id in (select id from transient_users)
+      `,
+      [tenantId],
+    );
+
+    await client.query(
+      `
+      with transient_users as (
+        select u.id
+        from public.platform_users u
+        where u.phone in ('13800000006', '13800000007', '13800000008')
+      )
+      delete from public.user_identities
+      where user_id in (select id from transient_users)
+      `,
+    );
+
+    await client.query(
+      `
+      delete from public.sms_verification_codes
+      where tenant_id = $1
+        and phone in ('13800000006', '13800000007', '13800000008')
+      `,
+      [tenantId],
+    );
+
     await client.query(
       `
       delete from public.referral_qrcodes
@@ -328,13 +423,14 @@ async function main() {
         id, tenant_id, region_id, entry_id, node_id, subject_id, category_id,
         question_bank_id, legacy_id, name, collection_type, source_type,
         filters, question_count, total_score, duration_minutes, status,
-        sort_order, metadata, created_by, updated_by
+        sort_order, access_rules, metadata, created_by, updated_by
       )
       values (
         $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7,
         $8, 'smoke-collection', '烟测学院专业课题目列表', 'manual', 'manual_questions',
         '{"tabs":["all","paper","chapter","type"]}'::jsonb, 0, 100, 120, 'active',
-        1, '{"business":"supports sequential random mock exam"}'::jsonb, $9, $9
+        1, '{"freeDailyLimit":2,"freeSessionLimit":2,"freeQuotaScopeType":"tenant"}'::jsonb,
+        '{"business":"supports sequential random mock exam"}'::jsonb, $9, $9
       )
       on conflict (id)
       do update set node_id = excluded.node_id,
@@ -348,6 +444,7 @@ async function main() {
                     total_score = excluded.total_score,
                     duration_minutes = excluded.duration_minutes,
                     status = 'active',
+                    access_rules = excluded.access_rules,
                     updated_at = now()
       `,
       [
@@ -370,11 +467,22 @@ async function main() {
         entry_id, content_node_id, primary_collection_id,
         legacy_id, type, type_label, difficulty, status, exam_markers
       )
-      values (
-        $1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8,
-        'smoke-question', 'choice', '单选题', 1, 'published',
-        '{"examTrack":"professional","school":"烟测学院"}'::jsonb
-      )
+      values
+        (
+          $1, $2, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10,
+          'smoke-question', 'choice', '单选题', 1, 'published',
+          '{"examTrack":"professional","school":"烟测学院"}'::jsonb
+        ),
+        (
+          $3, $2, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10,
+          'smoke-question-2', 'choice', '单选题', 1, 'published',
+          '{"examTrack":"professional","school":"烟测学院"}'::jsonb
+        ),
+        (
+          $4, $2, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10,
+          'smoke-question-3', 'choice', '单选题', 1, 'published',
+          '{"examTrack":"professional","school":"烟测学院"}'::jsonb
+        )
       on conflict (id)
       do update set question_bank_id = excluded.question_bank_id,
                     subject_id = excluded.subject_id,
@@ -388,6 +496,8 @@ async function main() {
       [
         ids.question,
         tenantId,
+        ids.questionTwo,
+        ids.questionThree,
         ids.questionBank,
         ids.subject,
         ids.category,
@@ -402,14 +512,17 @@ async function main() {
       insert into public.question_collection_items (
         tenant_id, collection_id, question_id, section_key, sort_order, score, required, metadata
       )
-      values ($1, $2, $3, 'choice', 1, 2, true, '{"source":"smoke-seed"}'::jsonb)
+      values
+        ($1, $2, $3, 'choice', 1, 2, true, '{"source":"smoke-seed"}'::jsonb),
+        ($1, $2, $4, 'choice', 2, 2, true, '{"source":"smoke-seed"}'::jsonb),
+        ($1, $2, $5, 'choice', 3, 2, true, '{"source":"smoke-seed"}'::jsonb)
       on conflict (tenant_id, collection_id, question_id)
       do update set section_key = excluded.section_key,
                     sort_order = excluded.sort_order,
                     score = excluded.score,
                     updated_at = now()
       `,
-      [tenantId, ids.questionCollection, ids.question],
+      [tenantId, ids.questionCollection, ids.question, ids.questionTwo, ids.questionThree],
     );
 
     await client.query(
@@ -487,11 +600,22 @@ async function main() {
         id, tenant_id, question_id, version_no, content, options,
         correct_option_index, correct_option_indices, answer_text, explanation
       )
-      values (
-        $1, $2, $3, 1, '1 + 1 = ?',
-        '[{"label":"A","text":"1"},{"label":"B","text":"2"},{"label":"C","text":"3"}]'::jsonb,
-        1, '[1]'::jsonb, '2', '基础加法。'
-      )
+      values
+        (
+          $1, $2, $4, 1, '1 + 1 = ?',
+          '[{"label":"A","text":"1"},{"label":"B","text":"2"},{"label":"C","text":"3"}]'::jsonb,
+          1, '[1]'::jsonb, '2', '基础加法。'
+        ),
+        (
+          $3, $2, $5, 1, '2 + 2 = ?',
+          '[{"label":"A","text":"3"},{"label":"B","text":"4"},{"label":"C","text":"5"}]'::jsonb,
+          1, '[1]'::jsonb, '4', '基础加法。'
+        ),
+        (
+          $6, $2, $7, 1, '3 + 3 = ?',
+          '[{"label":"A","text":"5"},{"label":"B","text":"6"},{"label":"C","text":"7"}]'::jsonb,
+          1, '[1]'::jsonb, '6', '基础加法。'
+        )
       on conflict (question_id, version_no)
       do update set content = excluded.content,
                     options = excluded.options,
@@ -500,16 +624,31 @@ async function main() {
                     answer_text = excluded.answer_text,
                     explanation = excluded.explanation
       `,
-      [ids.questionVersion, tenantId, ids.question],
+      [ids.questionVersion, tenantId, ids.questionTwoVersion, ids.question, ids.questionTwo, ids.questionThreeVersion, ids.questionThree],
     );
 
     await client.query(
       `
-      update public.questions
-      set current_version_id = $3, has_video_explanation = true, updated_at = now()
-      where tenant_id = $1 and id = $2
+      update public.questions q
+      set current_version_id = v.version_id,
+          has_video_explanation = case when q.id = $2::uuid then true else q.has_video_explanation end,
+          updated_at = now()
+      from (values
+        ($2::uuid, $3::uuid),
+        ($4::uuid, $5::uuid),
+        ($6::uuid, $7::uuid)
+      ) as v(question_id, version_id)
+      where q.tenant_id = $1 and q.id = v.question_id
       `,
-      [tenantId, ids.question, ids.questionVersion],
+      [
+        tenantId,
+        ids.question,
+        ids.questionVersion,
+        ids.questionTwo,
+        ids.questionTwoVersion,
+        ids.questionThree,
+        ids.questionThreeVersion,
+      ],
     );
 
     await client.query(
diff --git a/supabase/migrations/202606210011_practice_access_control.sql b/supabase/migrations/202606210011_practice_access_control.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7a47c3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/supabase/migrations/202606210011_practice_access_control.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+alter table public.content_nodes
+  add column if not exists access_rules jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb;
+
+alter table public.question_collections
+  add column if not exists access_rules jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb;
+
+alter table public.practice_blueprints
+  add column if not exists access_rules jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb;
+
+alter table public.practice_sessions
+  add column if not exists access_mode text not null default 'free',
+  add column if not exists access_entitlement_id uuid references public.entitlements(id) on delete set null,
+  add column if not exists consumed_free_quota integer not null default 0,
+  add column if not exists access_snapshot jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb;
+
+do $$
+begin
+  if not exists (select 1 from pg_constraint where conname = 'practice_sessions_access_mode_check') then
+    alter table public.practice_sessions
+      add constraint practice_sessions_access_mode_check
+      check (access_mode in ('free', 'svip', 'staff'));
+  end if;
+
+  if not exists (select 1 from pg_constraint where conname = 'practice_sessions_consumed_free_quota_check') then
+    alter table public.practice_sessions
+      add constraint practice_sessions_consumed_free_quota_check
+      check (consumed_free_quota >= 0);
+  end if;
+end $$;
+
+create table if not exists public.practice_daily_usage (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  tenant_id uuid not null references public.tenants(id) on delete cascade,
+  user_id uuid not null references public.platform_users(id) on delete cascade,
+  usage_date date not null default current_date,
+  scope_type text not null default 'tenant'
+    check (scope_type in ('tenant', 'region', 'subject', 'question_bank', 'content_entry', 'content_node', 'collection', 'blueprint')),
+  scope_id uuid,
+  free_limit integer not null default 25 check (free_limit >= 0),
+  used_count integer not null default 0 check (used_count >= 0),
+  metadata jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb,
+  created_at timestamptz not null default now(),
+  updated_at timestamptz not null default now()
+);
+
+create table if not exists public.practice_access_events (
+  id uuid primary key default gen_random_uuid(),
+  tenant_id uuid not null references public.tenants(id) on delete cascade,
+  user_id uuid references public.platform_users(id) on delete set null,
+  practice_session_id uuid references public.practice_sessions(id) on delete set null,
+  event_type text not null
+    check (event_type in ('session_created', 'session_denied', 'quota_consumed')),
+  access_mode text not null default 'free'
+    check (access_mode in ('free', 'svip', 'staff', 'denied')),
+  requested_count integer not null default 0 check (requested_count >= 0),
+  granted_count integer not null default 0 check (granted_count >= 0),
+  consumed_free_quota integer not null default 0 check (consumed_free_quota >= 0),
+  reason text,
+  scope_type text,
+  scope_id uuid,
+  entitlement_id uuid references public.entitlements(id) on delete set null,
+  metadata jsonb not null default '{}'::jsonb,
+  created_at timestamptz not null default now()
+);
+
+create index if not exists idx_practice_daily_usage_user
+  on public.practice_daily_usage(tenant_id, user_id, usage_date desc);
+
+create unique index if not exists idx_practice_daily_usage_unique_scope
+  on public.practice_daily_usage(tenant_id, user_id, usage_date, scope_type, scope_id)
+  nulls not distinct;
+
+create index if not exists idx_practice_access_events_user
+  on public.practice_access_events(tenant_id, user_id, created_at desc);
+
+create index if not exists idx_practice_access_events_session
+  on public.practice_access_events(tenant_id, practice_session_id);
+
+do $$
+declare
+  table_name text;
+begin
+  foreach table_name in array array['practice_daily_usage', 'practice_access_events']
+  loop
+    execute format('alter table public.%I enable row level security', table_name);
+    execute format('drop policy if exists tenant_isolation on public.%I', table_name);
+    execute format(
+      'create policy tenant_isolation on public.%I for all using (tenant_id = app.current_tenant_id() or app.is_platform_admin()) with check (tenant_id = app.current_tenant_id() or app.is_platform_admin())',
+      table_name
+    );
+    execute format('drop trigger if exists set_updated_at on public.%I', table_name);
+  end loop;
+
+  execute 'create trigger set_updated_at before update on public.practice_daily_usage for each row execute function app.touch_updated_at()';
+end $$;